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NEURO 0010 > unit 2 review - vision > Flashcards

unit 2 review - vision Flashcards

1
Q

aqueous vs. vitreous

A

aq
- in front of lens, behind cornea

vit
- behind lens

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2
Q

myopia

A

near sighted
- too much refraction
- concave lense

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3
Q

direct pathway for light?

A

1) photo receptors
2) bipolar cells
3) ganglion cells

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4
Q

what are the only retinal cells to fire action potentials?

A

retinal ganglion cells

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5
Q

there are more — than — in the visual system

A

more rods than cones

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6
Q

photoreceptors have more — channels?

A

na leak channels

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7
Q

phototransduction pathway?

A

1) opsin -> rhodopsin
2) activates transducin
3) activates PDE
4) PDE inhibits cGMP
5) hyperpolarize

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8
Q

calcium feedback pathway?

A

1) calcium inhibits gualnyl cyclase
2) in hyperpolarize conditions, there is less calcium
3) guanyle cyclase activity increases
4) cGMP increases - Na and Ca channels re-open

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9
Q

what does the optic radiation control?

A
  • contralateral visual field in both eyes
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10
Q

what is the optic radiation?

A

projection of LGN to the cortex

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11
Q

ON bipolar cell

A

likes glu - hyp
light = depolarize

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12
Q

OFF bipolar cell

A

doesnt like glu - dep
light = hyperpolarize

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13
Q

dark on surround, light on center activates

A

ON bipolar cells - depolarize

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14
Q

light on surround, dark on center

A

OFF bipolar cells - depolarize

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15
Q

what is V1 receptive field?

A

bar of light with a particular orientation

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16
Q

what is dorsal secondary area receptive field?

A

spots of light moving in a particular direction
- motion processing

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17
Q

what is the ventral secondary area receptive field?

A

biologically significant objects
- form/color processing

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18
Q

bipolar and ganglion cells relationship?

A

on-center bipolar cells trigger on-center ganglion cells

19
Q

parvo

A
  • more popular
  • smalls RF
  • color sensitive
  • sustained APs
20
Q

magno

A
  • less popular
  • large RF
  • color insensitive
  • transient APs
21
Q

where is the LGN located?

A

thalamus

22
Q

input for LGN?

A

20 retina
80 V1

23
Q

ipsi in LGN?

A

2,3,5

24
Q

magno in LGN?

A

1,2

25
Q

where does layer 5 of the LGN project to?
- what is it associated with?

A

superior colliculus
- eye movement

26
Q

where does layer 6 of the LGN project to?
- what is it associated with?

A

LGN
- feedback

27
Q

what is the dorsal stream?

A

1) magno LGN
2) 4CA
3) 4B
4) occip and parietal

28
Q

what is the ventral stream?

A

1) parvo/conio LGN
2) 4Cbeta
3) 2/3
4) occip and temporal

29
Q

describe layer 4C
mon vs. bi?
receptive field properties?

A
  • monocular
  • dominance columns
  • dominance columns run perpendicular to V1 layers
30
Q

describe layers V1 apart from 4C?
mon vs. bi?
receptive field properties?

A
  • binocular
  • orientation and direction
  • cortical modules
31
Q

what columns are located in V1?
what do they aid with?

A

orientation columns
- form perception

direction columns
- motion perception

32
Q
A
33
Q

cortical modules in v1?

A
  • for analyzing a particular point
  • blobs = color processing
34
Q

what is located in area V5?

A
  • all cells are direction selective
  • direction columns
35
Q

what is located in area MST?

A
  • cells for motion, navigation, motion perception
36
Q

what is located in area V4?

A
  • color
  • orientation selectivity
37
Q

what is located in IT?

A

identifying faces

38
Q

what is layer 6 involved in?

A

color perception

39
Q

what factor is responsible for bipolar cell receptive fields?

A

the type of glutamate receptor on the bipolar cell

40
Q

what is the direction do the layers of the LGN go?

A

high to low

41
Q

what is the second messenger of the phototranduction pathway?

A

high -> low

42
Q

optic tract effects what?

A

the contra lateral visual field

43
Q

destroying the lens means?

A

can see far, but not near

44
Q

when light hits a PR attatched to an OFF bipolar cell?

A

OFF bipolar cell depolarizes

NEURO 0010 (22 decks)

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