Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NEURO 0010 > motivation > Flashcards

motivation Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of motivated behaviour?

A

to satisfy a need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ecto vs. homeo therms

A

amphibians, reptiles, fish are cold blooded

mammals and birds are warm blooded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do thermoreceptors cause?

A
  • increased firing rate to heat stimuli
  • increased firing rate to cold stimuli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where are thermoreceptors located, how are they prioritized?

A

CNS (hypothalamus)
hypothalamus -> body core -> skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where are temperature sensitive cells in the hypothalamus located?

A

preoptic area (POA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the POA do?

A

regulates temperature
- focuses on the temperature of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the carotid artery?

A

major blood vessel that provides brain blood supply, temperature of this controls brain’s response to heat/cool body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 3 ways that the hypothalamus may respond to changes in set point?

A
  • humoral
  • visceromotor
  • somatic motor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the humoral reaction?

A

stimulates/inhibits the release of pituitary hormones into the blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a visceromotor reaction?

A

balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic outputs in the ANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a somatic motor output?

A

directly infuence actions
“what we physically are going to do to get back to set point”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what occurs when there is a lesion to the POA?

A

loss of thermoregulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the mechanisms behind fever?

A

pyrogens increase set point which leads to body getting hotter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the lipostatic hypothesis?

A

brain measures and maintains a body fat level against external conditions and leptin might be the signal that lets brain know about fat storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does leptin help do?

A

control eating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does leptin work?

A

1) produced by fat, in levels proportional to fat
2) receptors are in arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus
3) periventricular zone detects leptin
4) lateral hypothalalmus incites feeding behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does a lesion to the lateral hypothalamus cause?

A

decrease in hunger -> aphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does a lesion to the ventromedial hypothalamus cause?

A

increase in hunger -> hyperphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does the lateral hypothalamus control?

A

hunger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does the ventromedial hypothalamus cause?

A

satiety

21
Q

name anorectic peptides?

A

AMUSHCART
- alphaMSH
- CART

22
Q

name orexigenic peptides

A

AMON

  • agRP
  • MCH
  • Orexin
  • NPY
23
Q

anorexic vs. orexigenic peptides

A

anorexic - decrease appetite
orexogenic - increase appetite

24
Q

where does leptin bind to leptin receptors?

A

the arcuate nucleus

25
Q

what does bariatric surgery do?

A

decreases the size of the stomach
- leads to long term weight loss

26
Q

what are the 3 phases of eating?

A

before, during and after

1) cephalic: sight/smell of food drive eating, parasympathetic NS activated -> secretion of saliva into mouth and digestive juices into stomach

2) gastric: stronger responses as you eat, want food as you are tasting it

3) intestinal: stomach fills, food moves to intestines, nutrients begin to absorb

27
Q

what promotes eating in the short term?

A
  • the sequence of eating
  • ghrelin
28
Q

what is ghrelin?
what does it activate?

A

peptide released by empty stomach into blood stream
- activates: NPY and AgRP neurons that increase hunger

29
Q

what inhibits eating in the short term?

A

gastric distention
- stretching of stomach walls by food (mechanosensory axons)
- activates vagus nerve which signals to CNS -> inhibits feeding

CCK
- peptide in cells of intestines and enteric system
- activates vagus nerve and supresses feeding

30
Q

what is prader-will syndrome?

A

obesity due to high ghrelin levels

31
Q

hunger vs. full hormones?

A

ghrelin=hunger
CCK=fullness

32
Q

when are ghrelin and CCK levels high vs. low?

A

start eating
- ghrelin=high
- CCK=low

stop eating
- ghrelin=low
- CCK=high

33
Q

what does THC cause?

A
  • surge in ghrelin levels
34
Q

what is hypovolemia?

A

decrease in blood volume that leads to volumetric thirst

35
Q

what is hyertonicity?

A

increase of blood tonicity that leads to osmometric thirst

36
Q

what is ADH, where is it released?

A

hormone that increases thirst
- released in the hypothalamus

37
Q

what is the visceromotor response to hypovolemia?

A

increase sympathetic activity
- constrict blood vessels to increase blood pressure

38
Q

what is the somatic response to hypovolemia?

A

increase motivation to seek and consume water

39
Q

what is angiotensin II detected by?

A

subfornical organ

40
Q

diabetes insipidus?

A

insufficient ADH or kidney response to ADH
- leads to excessive thirst and dilute urine
- water is not retained

41
Q

Medial preoptic area of hypothalamus?

A

Responds to temperature and mediates humoral + visceromotor response (NOT somatic motor b/c lateral hypothalamus responsible for this)

42
Q

Arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus?

A

Responds to blood levels of leptin and ghrelin

43
Q

Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus?

A

Involved in long-term regulation of eating (release hypophysiotropic hormones, receives input from arcuate nucleus, affects sympathetic ANS)

44
Q

Nucleus of solitary tract (gets input from vagus nerve)?

A

Responds to gastric distension signals of stomach (eating) Responds to mechanoreceptors in blood vessel walls (drinking)

45
Q

Subfornical organ?

A

Responds to elevated angiotensin II blood levels (drinking) b/c outside blood brain barrier (BBB)

46
Q

OVLT?

A

Responds to tonicity of blood b/c outside BBB

47
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus of PVZ (hypothalamus)?

A

Mediates circadian rhythms

48
Q

Supraoptic nucleus of PVZ (hypothalamus)?

A

Contains magnocellular secretory neurons

49
Q

What are high solute levels detected by?

A

Vascular organ of laminate OVLT

NEURO 0010 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions