neural tube development Flashcards
endoderm
inner
- lining of internal organs
mesoderm
middle
- muscles and bone
ectoderm
outer
- nervous system and skin
neural plate?
portion of ectoderm that develops into the nervous system
what is the neural tube?
a tube that develops from an inwards folding of the neural plate
- precursor to the entire central nervous system
neurulation?
the process that creates the neural tube fro neural plate
when does neuralation occur?
22 days into embryotic development
1 step of neurulation?
neural plate sinks/folds inward in a u shape to form the neural groove
step 2 of neurulation?
lateral ends of the neural plate become the walls of the neural groove and are called neural folds
step 3/ final step of neurulation?
the two fold come together medially to fuse and form the neural crest
the neural groove closes -> becomes neural tube
medial plate pathway?
lateral neural plate pathway?
neuro pore?
openings/gaps in the neural tibe
anencephaly
failure to close - anterior/rostral end of neural tube
- incomplete brain and skulls
- death
spina bifida?
failure to close - posterior/caudal end of neural tube
- sac of spinal fluid protruding from mid to lower back
- impairs ability to walk, damages bladder and bowl control
- causes hydrocephalus
hydrocephalus?
an abnormal buildup of fluid in the ventricles (cavities) deep within the brain
parts of forebrain/prosencephalon?
telecephalon
deincephalon
parts of midbrain?
tectum (roof)
tegmentum (floor)
parts of hindbrain?
metencephalon - rostral
myelencephalon caudal - caudal
diencephalon becomes?
thalamus and hypothalamus
third ventricles
telencephalon becomes?
cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex and basal ganglia
lateral ventricles
tectum?
superior and inferior colliculus
tegmentum?
ventral surface of mesencephalic vesicle
substantial nigra, red nucleus and ventral tegmental area
cerebral aqueduct
metencephalon?
rosral half
- cerebellum and pons
myelencephalon
caudal
- medulla
4th vent
