Unit 2: Chemistry of Life

Question 1

differentiate between a non polar and a polar covalent bond.

Answer 1

non polar - shared equally

polar - shared equally

Question 2

differentiate between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis

Answer 2

dehydration synthesis - (dry build up). process to build polymers. one monomer loses and -OH and the other, an H.

hydrolysis-chemical process to break apart polymers. water molecule is added to break apart a polymer. one monomer gains an -OH and the other, an -H.

Question 3

what elements make up carbohydrates ?

Answer 3

monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Question 4

what is a polysaccharide and be able to differentiate between the 4 different types

Answer 4

polysaccharides are 100’s to 1000’s of monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. they are used for energy storage (starch and glycogen) and structural support (cellulose and chitin).

Question 5

what is a covalent bond?

Answer 5

when electrons are shared between atoms

Question 6

what are the four categories of lipids and what do they all have in common?

Answer 6

• triglycerides (fat)
• phospholipids (make up cell membrane)
• steroids (body produces naturally)
• waxes

Question 7

how do unsaturated fatty acids differ from saturated fatty acids?

Answer 7

U.F.A.

• tail contains more C’s that have double bonds
• C’s aren’t saturated with H’s
• liquid at room temperature

S.F.A.

• contains a single bond
• all C’s saturated with H’s (full)
• solid at room temperature

Question 8

what are the monomers of proteins?

Answer 8

amino acids

Question 9

what are some functions of proteins?

Answer 9

• metabolism
• control growth
• stores nutrients

Question 10

what does it mean when a protein is denatured?

Answer 10

it loses the quarternary, tertiary and secondary structure.

Question 11

what is an enzyme? how does it work?

Answer 11

proteins that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction. they make/break fats and speed up chemical reactions

Question 12

what is the substrate and what is the active site?

Answer 12

the substrate is a reactant of enzyme-catalysts reactions. the active site is when the substrate bonds and over goes a chemical reactions n.

Question 13

how does a competitive inhibitor work?

Answer 13

• competes with substance for active site

- reversible if there’s enough substrate to “knock” it out

Question 14

what is the optimal pH and temperature of an enzyme?

Answer 14

37 degrees Celsius