Macromolecules Flashcards
The monomers of carbohydrates?
monsaccharides
The bond that holds monosaccharides together?
glycosidic bond
The bond that holds amino acids together?
peptide bond
The monomers of proteins?
amino acids
Three examples of monosaccharides
glucose, galactose, fructose
The molecular formula for glucose
C6H12O6
Building blocks of lactose
glucose + galactose
Building blocks of maltose
glucose + glucose
Building blocks of sucrose
glucose + fructose
Which disachharide is table sugar?
sucrose
Two polysaccharides used for storing energy
glycogen and starch
Two polysaccharides used for structure
chitin and celluose
This is how we store away our excess glucose
as glycogen in our liver and muscles
The chemical process that is used to digest or break down molecules by adding a water
hydrolysis
The chemical process that is used to build molecules by removing a water
dehydration synthesis
The characteristic that all lipids have in common
they are hydrophobic or non polar
What is a hydrocarbon?
A molecule made up of mostly C’s and H’s
Why are lipids non-polar?
Because the majority of all lipid molecules are C’s and H’s
What is a triglyceride made up of?
1 gylcerol + 3 fatty acids
What are the two parts of a fatty acid molecule?
the head (carboxyl group- COOH) and the tail (hydrocarbons)
What are two types of fatty acids?
saturated and unsaturated
How do saturated and unsaturated fats differ?
Saturated fats have all single bonds between the carbons in the tail and unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds between the carbons in the tail.
Differentiate between a monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid.
monounsaturated fatty acid has one double bond while polyunsaturated fatty acid has more than one double bond
