Photosynthesis Flashcards
What 3 things are needed for photosynthesis t occur?
light, carbon dioxide, water
What 2 things are produced during photosynthesis?
oxygen, glucose
What are the two main steps of photosynthesis
- light reactions, 2. calvin cycle (light independent reactions)
What is an autotroph?
a producer, an organism that makes its own food
What is a heterotroph?
a consumer, an organism that must consume food to get its organic compounds
What is a carnivore?
A consumer that eats only meat
What is an omnivore
A consumer that eats both meat and plants
What is a herbivore?
A consumer that eats plants
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
water, carbon dioxide and light
What are the products of photosynthesis?
oxygen and glucose
What is a pigment?
a molecule that absorbs and reflects light?
Where does photosynthesis occur in a plant cell?
in the chloroplast
What are ATP and NADPH?
energy carrying molecules
What powers the light reactions?
sunlight
What powers the calvin cycle?
ATP and NADPH, chemical energy
Where do the light reactions take place?
the thlyakoids
Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?
the stroma
How does carbon dioxide and oxygen get into a leaf?
tiny holes called stomata
What are the 3 main pigments in plants?
chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids
What is the goal of the light reactions?
to recharge ATP and NADPH so they can be used to power the calvin cycle
What is a by-product of the light reactions?
oxygen
Where do the electrons come from to pump H+ and to re-energize NADPH during the light reactions?
water (H2O)
What does oxidation mean?
losing electrons (LEO says GER)
What does reduction mean?
gaining electrons (LEO says GER)
In what directions are H+ ions pumped through the thylakoid membrane?
from the stroma to the thylakoid space
What is a photosystem?
a cluster of pigment molecules that absorbs light energy
What is happening in a photosystem?
light is being absorbed and is used to excite (energize) electrons. The electrons get passed to the reaction center, which passes them off to the primary electron acceptor which passes them to a protein in the electron transport chain
Which pigment makes up the reaction center?
chlorophyll a
What is the goal of the calvin cycle?
to use CO2 and the energy from the light reactions, ATP and NADPH to make sugar
What happens to the ATP and NADPH that go into the calvin cycle?
they lose energy and are sent back to the light reactions to get recharged.
How do you recharge ADP?
Add a phosphate (and bond) to it.
How do you recharge NADP+?
Add H+ and e- to it
