Mitosis Flashcards
What do chromatin and chromosomes have in common?
They’re made of DNA and protein and they both have a nucleus
Differentiate between chromatin and chromosomes
Chromatin
- unwound (loosely packed)
- in this state during interphase
- not visible under microscope
Chromosomes
- wound (tightly packed)
- in this state during active cell division (PMAT)
- visible
What is mitosis?
One type of cell division
What is the cell cycle?
Sequence of events from the time a cell is first formed until its own division
In the cell cycle, what does the rate of time depend on?
The role of the cell
What are the two main stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase and mitotic
What is/what happens in interphase?
Preparation for division
What is mitosis a part of?
The mitotic phase
What is/ what happens in the mitotic phase?
Nuclear (mitosis) and cytoplasmic (cytokinesis) division
Interphase is _% of the cell cycle
90%
How many parts are in Interphase, what are they, and what happens in them?
3 parts: G1, S, and G2.
G1 and G2
- doubles everything in its cytoplasm
- increase supply of proteins, organelles
- grows in size
S
- DNA Replication: chromosomes double
In the S phase of Interphase, the chromosomes double. What do they become?
2 identical sister chromatids
What is G0?
A non dividing state
Why do cells lining your intestine have a shorter lifespan than muscle cells?
They’re being constantly bombarded with food and other materials.
What forms what in mitosis?
Nuclear division forms 2 daughter cells
What forms what in cytokinesis?
Cytoplasm divides forming 2 new cells
What is the longest phase of mitosis?
Prophase
What happens in prophase?
- chromatin condenses into thick, visible chromosomes
- nucleolus disappears
- centrioles move to opposite poles
- nuclear envelope breaks down
- spindles form
What happens in metaphase (middle)?
- sister chromatids line up in the middle (equator)
* spindles attached to the centromere
What is the shortest phase of mitosis?
Metaphase
What happens in anaphase (away/apart)?
- SISTER CHROMATIDS SEPARATE at centromere, now making it individual chromosomes
- spindles shorten and pull them to opposite poles
What happens in telophase (two)?
Hint: it’s the opposite of what happens in prophase
- chromosomes at poles
- chromosomes begin to uncoil
- nuclear envelope reforms
- nucleolus reforms
- spindle disappears
RESULT: TWO NEW DAUGHTER CELLS
What happens in cytokinesis?
- cytoplasm divides
- Animal cells: cleavage furrow forms
- Plant cells: cell plate forms
What are chromosomes?
Packages of DNA that hold a cell’s genetic info.
What are prokaryotic chromosomes?
They are consisted of single, circular strand of DNA
What are eukaryotic chromosomes?
Highly organized structures
What forms chromatin?
DNA that winds around histone proteins
What makes the precise separation of DNA possible during cell division?
Chromosomes
What is the name of the type of cell division that occurs in the prokaryotic cell cycle?
Binary fission
