Mitosis

Question 0

What do chromatin and chromosomes have in common?

Answer 0

They’re made of DNA and protein and they both have a nucleus

Question 1

Differentiate between chromatin and chromosomes

Answer 1

Chromatin

• unwound (loosely packed)
• in this state during interphase
• not visible under microscope

Chromosomes

• wound (tightly packed)
• in this state during active cell division (PMAT)
• visible

Question 2

What is mitosis?

Answer 2

One type of cell division

Question 3

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 3

Sequence of events from the time a cell is first formed until its own division

Question 4

In the cell cycle, what does the rate of time depend on?

Answer 4

The role of the cell

Question 5

What are the two main stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 5

Interphase and mitotic

Question 6

What is/what happens in interphase?

Answer 6

Preparation for division

Question 7

What is mitosis a part of?

Answer 7

The mitotic phase

Question 8

What is/ what happens in the mitotic phase?

Answer 8

Nuclear (mitosis) and cytoplasmic (cytokinesis) division

Question 9

Interphase is _% of the cell cycle

Answer 9

90%

Question 10

How many parts are in Interphase, what are they, and what happens in them?

Answer 10

3 parts: G1, S, and G2.

G1 and G2

• doubles everything in its cytoplasm
• increase supply of proteins, organelles
• grows in size

S
- DNA Replication: chromosomes double

Question 11

In the S phase of Interphase, the chromosomes double. What do they become?

Answer 11

2 identical sister chromatids

Question 12

What is G0?

Answer 12

A non dividing state

Question 13

Why do cells lining your intestine have a shorter lifespan than muscle cells?

Answer 13

They’re being constantly bombarded with food and other materials.

Question 14

What forms what in mitosis?

Answer 14

Nuclear division forms 2 daughter cells

Question 15

What forms what in cytokinesis?

Answer 15

Cytoplasm divides forming 2 new cells

Question 16

What is the longest phase of mitosis?

Answer 16

Prophase

Question 17

What happens in prophase?

Answer 17

• chromatin condenses into thick, visible chromosomes
• nucleolus disappears
• centrioles move to opposite poles
• nuclear envelope breaks down
• spindles form

Question 18

What happens in metaphase (middle)?

Answer 18

• sister chromatids line up in the middle (equator)

* spindles attached to the centromere

Question 19

What is the shortest phase of mitosis?

Answer 19

Metaphase

Question 20

What happens in anaphase (away/apart)?

Answer 20

• SISTER CHROMATIDS SEPARATE at centromere, now making it individual chromosomes
• spindles shorten and pull them to opposite poles

Question 21

What happens in telophase (two)?

Hint: it’s the opposite of what happens in prophase

Answer 21

• chromosomes at poles
• chromosomes begin to uncoil
• nuclear envelope reforms
• nucleolus reforms
• spindle disappears

RESULT: TWO NEW DAUGHTER CELLS

Question 22

What happens in cytokinesis?

Answer 22

• cytoplasm divides
• Animal cells: cleavage furrow forms
• Plant cells: cell plate forms

Question 23

What are chromosomes?

Answer 23

Packages of DNA that hold a cell’s genetic info.

Question 24

What are prokaryotic chromosomes?

Answer 24

They are consisted of single, circular strand of DNA

Question 25

What are eukaryotic chromosomes?

Answer 25

Highly organized structures

Question 26

What forms chromatin?

Answer 26

DNA that winds around histone proteins

Question 27

What makes the precise separation of DNA possible during cell division?

Answer 27

Chromosomes

Question 28

What is the name of the type of cell division that occurs in the prokaryotic cell cycle?

Answer 28

Binary fission