Mutation

Question 0

which type of mutation results in abnormal amino acid sequence ?

Answer 0

base substitution or frameshift

Question 1

what type of mutation is responsible for new variations (alleles) of a trait?

Answer 1

a frame shift or substitution

Question 2

which type of mutations stops the translation of the mRNA?

Answer 2

nonsense

Question 3

which mutation has no effect on a mutation?

Answer 3

silent

Question 4

what are mutations?

Answer 4

change in the sequence of DNA

Question 5

what can mutations do ?

Answer 5

• affect how we look, behave and our physiology (how body works)
• can involve chunks of a chromosome or single nucleotides

Question 6

describe mutations

Answer 6

random and can be beneficial, harmful, neutral

Question 7

what is the cause of mutations ?

Answer 7

DNA fails to copy itself accurately

Question 8

what are mutagens?

Answer 8

physical or chemical agents that cause mutations

Question 9

what are physical agents?

Answer 9

high energy radiation (x - Ray and UV light)

Question 10

what are chemical agents?

Answer 10

chemicals such as formaldehyde (construction material) and BPA (hard plastics, food cans, etc.)

Question 11

what are base substitutions?

Answer 11

exchanges one base for another

Question 12

what are the types of mutations ?

Answer 12

missense, silent, nonsense

Question 13

describe the change of a mutation .

Answer 13

change could be insignificant or crucial to life of organism

Question 14

what is a missense mutation?

Answer 14

encodes a different amino acid causing small change in protein produce (sickle cell anemia)

Question 15

what is a silent mutation ?

Answer 15

encodes the same amino acid causing no change

Question 16

what is a nonsense mutation ?

Answer 16

changes an A.A. coding codon to a single “stop” codon and cause an incomplete protein

Question 17

what is a frameshift?

Answer 17

insertion or deletion can alter a gene so that its message is no longer correctly read

Question 18

what is an insertion?

Answer 18

extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in the DNA

Question 19

what is a deletion

Answer 19

section of DNA is lost, or deleted

Question 20

what are the 4 types of chromosomal mutations?

Answer 20

deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation

Question 21

what is nondisjunction?

Answer 21

failure of chromosome pairs to separate correctly during meiosis

Question 22

what is sickle cell anemia?

Answer 22

a genetic disease

Question 23

what are the symptoms of sickle cell anemia?

Answer 23

pain and anemia (low iron in blood)

Question 24

what is the cause of sickle cell anemia?

Answer 24

mutated version of the gene that helps make hemoglobin (protein that carries oxygen in the red blood cells)

Question 25

which levels does sickle cell effect?

Answer 25

DNA, Protein, Cellular and Organism Level

Question 26

what are the positive effects to sickle cell?

Answer 26

carriers are resistant to malaria and parasites are killed inside