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Honors Biology > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 reasons cells divide?

A

growth, reproduction, renewal/replacement, to keep the surface area to volume ratio big

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2
Q

What happens if a cell gets too big?

A

The demands of the cell (materials and energy needed) cannot be met. The cell membrane cannot diffuse the amount of material that is needed by the bigger cell.

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3
Q

What are some characteristics of asexual reproduction?

A

only one parent, genetic info is the same from parent to offspring, no fertilization of egg and sperm

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4
Q

What are some characteristics of sexual reproduction?

A

two parents, fertilization of egg by sperm, genetic information of new cell is different than parent

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5
Q

What is meiosis?

A

the formation of sex cells (sperm and eggs- 23 chromosomes)

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6
Q

What is mitosis?

A

the formation of body cells (46 chromosomes)

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7
Q

What is chromatin?

A

DNA wrapped around proteins called histones, (DNA in an unwound state)

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8
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

Chromatin tightly wound up

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9
Q

When is DNA in the chromatin state?

A

During Interphase (preparation for division)

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10
Q

When is DNA in the chromosome state?

A

During Mitosis ( prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)

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11
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

23 pairs or 46 total

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12
Q

Which sex chromosomes do you have if you are female?

A

XX

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13
Q

Which sex chromosomes do you have if you are male?

A

XY

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14
Q

What is a karyotype?

A

an organized picture of someones chromosomes

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15
Q

Why is DNA replication so important?

A

it ensures that the parent cell and new daughter cells have the same genetic information (same number of chromosomes)

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16
Q

What are sister chromatids?

A

identical copies of chromosomes attached by the centromere

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17
Q

When does the nuclear envelope break down?

A

prophase

18
Q

When do the sister chromatids line up at the equator?

A

metaphase

19
Q

When does the nucleolus disappear and spindles form?

A

prophase

20
Q

When do 2 nuclei appear?

A

telophase

21
Q

When do the sister chromatids get pulled apart and move to opposite sides of the cell?

A

anaphase

22
Q

When does chromatin coil and condense to form chromosomes

A

prophase

23
Q

When do chromosomes uncoil and turn back into chromatin?

A

telophase

24
Q

When do spindles shorten?

A

anaphase

25
Q

When do centrioles move to opposite poles?

A

prophase

26
Q

In which stages do you have chromosomes instead of sister chromatids?

A

anaphase and telophase because the sister chromatids have separated and are thus not called sister chromatids anymore…but chromosomes

27
Q

What is mitosis?

A

nuclear division

28
Q

What is interphase?

A

preparation for division

29
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

cytoplasmic division

30
Q

When does DNA replicate?

A

during the S phase of interphase

31
Q

When does a cell grow and double its contents including Cytoplasm, proteins and organelles

A

G1 and G2

32
Q

In which type of cell would you have a cleavage furrow?

A

animal cell

33
Q

In which type of cell would you have a cell plate?

A

plant cell

34
Q

Why would a cell plate form over a cleavage furrow?

A

Because the cell wall is rigid and hard. It is too difficult to pinch inward

35
Q

What causes cancer?

A

mutations at the DNA level usually for the cyclins (proteins that control the cell cycle)

36
Q

What is a tumor

A

mass of growing cells

37
Q

Benign tumors are

A

not cancerous

38
Q

Malignant tumors are

A

cancerous

39
Q

Metastatic cancer is one in which

A

the cancer has spread from its original site

40
Q

Slashing refers to

A

removing the cancer via surgery

Honors Biology (14 decks)

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