Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Where do organisms get the energy they need?
From food molecules when their chemical bonds are broken
What is energy?
The ability to do work
How is the energy stored in food expressed?
As calories
What is a Calorie?
the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water, 1 degree Celsius
The Calorie on a food label is really what kind of calories?
Kilocalorie (1000 calories)
How many Calories are in 1 g of carbs?
4 Calories
How many Calories are in 1 g of protein?
4 Calories
How many Calories are in 1 g of fat?
9 Calories
What is cellular respiration?
the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
glucose + oxygen
What are the products of cellular respiration?
water + carbon dioxide + energy (ATP)
Where does cellular respiration occur?
mitochondria
How many membranes does a mitochondria have?
2: An inner membrane and an outer membrane
What are the folds of the inner membrane called?
cristae
What is the inside of the mitochondria called?
matrix
What are the 3 stages of C.R.
glycolysis, Kreb cycle, electron transport chain (AKA oxidative phosphorylation)
What does anaerobic mean?
without oxygen
what does aerobic mean?
with oxygen
Which of the stages in anaerobic?
glycolysis
Which of the stages is aerobic?
Kreb Cycle and the electron transport chain
How do cell respiration and photosynthesis compare
Photosynthesis deposits energy while CR withdraws or energy, they are opposites on a global level, the waste products of one are the raw materials for the other
What are NADH and FADH2?
energy carrying molecules
Where do NADH and FADH2 carry their energy?
in their electrons
Why are NADH and FADH2 so important?
they provide the energy (electrons) that will power the making of ATP in the last stage during oxidative phosphorylation
Why are the stages of glycolysis and the kreb cycle so important?
They provide the energy carrying molecules NADH and FADH2 that will power the making of ATP in the last stage
Who is the reduced in the last stage, oxidative phosphorylation?
oxygen
When oxygen is reduced what does it form?
water (H2O)
What is the reactant of glycolysis?
glucose
What is the product of glycolysis?
2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate)
What is the reactant of the Kreb Cycle?
2 acetyl co-A
What are the products of the Kreb Cycle?
NADH, FADH2, CO2, ATP
Which organisms does alcoholic fermentation occur in?
yeast
Which organisms does lactic acid fermentation occur in?
animal cells and bacteria
What type of alcohol is produced in alcoholic fermentation?
ethanol
What is another term for anaerobic respiration?
fermentation
What is another term for aerobic respiration?
cellular respiration
if something has 30 grams of carbs, how many calories does it provide you with?
120 Calories
Where do the H+ ions get energy from to actively transport from the matrix to the intermembrane space?
electrons
Who is oxidized during the last stage, oxidative phosphorylation (ETC)?
NADH and FADH2
What food/drink are produced through alcoholic fermentation?
wine, beer, bread
What food/drink are produced through lactic acid fermentation?
dairy products (cheese, yogurt), sauerkraut (pickled vegetables)
