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Honors Biology > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

Where do organisms get the energy they need?

A

From food molecules when their chemical bonds are broken

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2
Q

What is energy?

A

The ability to do work

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3
Q

How is the energy stored in food expressed?

A

As calories

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4
Q

What is a Calorie?

A

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water, 1 degree Celsius

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5
Q

The Calorie on a food label is really what kind of calories?

A

Kilocalorie (1000 calories)

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6
Q

How many Calories are in 1 g of carbs?

A

4 Calories

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7
Q

How many Calories are in 1 g of protein?

A

4 Calories

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8
Q

How many Calories are in 1 g of fat?

A

9 Calories

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9
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen

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10
Q

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen

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11
Q

What are the products of cellular respiration?

A

water + carbon dioxide + energy (ATP)

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12
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur?

A

mitochondria

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13
Q

How many membranes does a mitochondria have?

A

2: An inner membrane and an outer membrane

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14
Q

What are the folds of the inner membrane called?

A

cristae

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15
Q

What is the inside of the mitochondria called?

A

matrix

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16
Q

What are the 3 stages of C.R.

A

glycolysis, Kreb cycle, electron transport chain (AKA oxidative phosphorylation)

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17
Q

What does anaerobic mean?

A

without oxygen

18
Q

what does aerobic mean?

A

with oxygen

19
Q

Which of the stages in anaerobic?

A

glycolysis

20
Q

Which of the stages is aerobic?

A

Kreb Cycle and the electron transport chain

21
Q

How do cell respiration and photosynthesis compare

A

Photosynthesis deposits energy while CR withdraws or energy, they are opposites on a global level, the waste products of one are the raw materials for the other

22
Q

What are NADH and FADH2?

A

energy carrying molecules

23
Q

Where do NADH and FADH2 carry their energy?

A

in their electrons

24
Q

Why are NADH and FADH2 so important?

A

they provide the energy (electrons) that will power the making of ATP in the last stage during oxidative phosphorylation

25
Q

Why are the stages of glycolysis and the kreb cycle so important?

A

They provide the energy carrying molecules NADH and FADH2 that will power the making of ATP in the last stage

26
Q

Who is the reduced in the last stage, oxidative phosphorylation?

A

oxygen

27
Q

When oxygen is reduced what does it form?

A

water (H2O)

28
Q

What is the reactant of glycolysis?

A

glucose

29
Q

What is the product of glycolysis?

A

2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate)

30
Q

What is the reactant of the Kreb Cycle?

A

2 acetyl co-A

31
Q

What are the products of the Kreb Cycle?

A

NADH, FADH2, CO2, ATP

32
Q

Which organisms does alcoholic fermentation occur in?

A

yeast

33
Q

Which organisms does lactic acid fermentation occur in?

A

animal cells and bacteria

34
Q

What type of alcohol is produced in alcoholic fermentation?

A

ethanol

35
Q

What is another term for anaerobic respiration?

A

fermentation

36
Q

What is another term for aerobic respiration?

A

cellular respiration

37
Q

if something has 30 grams of carbs, how many calories does it provide you with?

A

120 Calories

38
Q

Where do the H+ ions get energy from to actively transport from the matrix to the intermembrane space?

A

electrons

39
Q

Who is oxidized during the last stage, oxidative phosphorylation (ETC)?

A

NADH and FADH2

40
Q

What food/drink are produced through alcoholic fermentation?

A

wine, beer, bread

41
Q

What food/drink are produced through lactic acid fermentation?

A

dairy products (cheese, yogurt), sauerkraut (pickled vegetables)

Honors Biology (14 decks)

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