CV and Respiratory System Flashcards
what are the main parts of the circulatory system?
heart
blood
blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
differentiate between arteries, veins, and capillaries
arteries-carry blood away from heart and lung and carry 02 blood
veins-carry blood to hear and carry de02 blood
capillaries-exchange material between blood and cells
what are the 4 chambers of the heart and where are they located?
atria (upper) -right/left
ventricle (lower)- right/left
describe the inferior and superior vena cava. is it a vein or artery? is it carrying 02 or de02 blood? what direction does blood flow in the vena cavas? where does it deliver blood to? where does it receive blood from?
both are veins that delivers blood to the right atria from upper or lower body. they carry de02 blood. blood goes to the heart. receives blood from body.
describe the aorta. is it a vein or artery? is it carrying 02 or de02 blood? what direction does blood flow in the vena cavas? where does it deliver blood to? where does it receive blood from?
the aorta is the largest artery. it carries 02 blood. it delivers blood to the body. It receives blood from left ventricle. blood is carried away from heart.
describe the right and left pulmonary arteries. is it a vein or artery? is it carrying 02 or de02 blood? what direction does blood flow in the vena cavas? where does it deliver blood to? where does it receive blood from?
the right/left pulmonary artery are the only arteries that carry de02 blood. it delivers blood to the lungs. it receives blood from right ventricle. blood is carried away from heart.
describe the right/left pulmonary vein. is it a vein or artery? is it carrying 02 or de02 blood? what direction does blood flow in the vena cavas? where does it deliver blood to? where does it receive blood from?
only veins carrying 02 blood. it delivers blood to the left atria. it receives blood from the lungs to the heart
what is the difference between pulmonary blood flow and systemic bloody flow?
all blood flowing to and from the lungs. all blood flowing to and from the body.
what is the job of the heart valves? where are the AV valves located and what are their names? where are the semilunar valves located and what are their names? which two are on the right side of the heart? which two are on the left?
the job of the heart valves are to prevent blood backflow. the two av valves are the tricuspid (right side) and mitral (left side). they are between the atria and ventricles. the two semilunar valves are the pulmonary (right side) semilunar and aortic semilunar (left side) valves. they are between the ventricles and greater arteries
what’s the path from the aorta to the body?
aorta➡️arteries➡️artieoles➡️capillary➡️venule➡️vein➡️vena cava
what are three causes of heart valve defects?
birth defects, age-related, infections
what is blood pressure? what is diastole and systole? what is a normal blood pressure?
blood pressure is the amount of pressure being exerted on an artery wall when the heart contracts and relaxes. diastole is the relaxation phase and systole is the contraction phase. a normal blood pressure is 120/80 (s/d)
what is the pacemaker and where is it located ?
the pacemaker sets the tempo of the heart beat. it’s located in the right atrium.
what is an aed and how does it work?
an aed is a portable device that analyzes heart electrical rhythm and applies shock as needed.
what is the function of the respiratory system? circulatory system? how do they work together?
the function of the respiratory system is to work together with the circulatory system to provide our cells with oxygen and to inhale and to exhale. the capillaries and alveoli link the two systems together
how does respiration differ from breathing ?
repatriation is the process of gas exchange between the environment and the body. breathing is the movement of the diaphragm and rib cage and a changing air pressure in the chest cavity.
describe the path of air flow into the lungs
nose➡️pharynx➡️larynx➡️trachea➡️bronchi➡️bronchioles➡️alveoli
define nose hairs
catches dust/filters air
pharynx
“throat”, passageway for food air
larynx
“voice box”, contains vocal chords
trachea
“windpipe”, covered by epiglottis to prevent choking, lined with cilia and mucus to trap dirt and dust
epiglottis
covers trachea to prevent from choking
bronchi/bronchioles
large and small tubes surrounded by involuntary smooth muscle that brings air into the lungs
alveoli
tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs
diaphragm
contracts/relaxes, dome shaped when contracted, depends on inhalation or exhalation
understand how both inhalation and exhalation occur
inhalation- the diaphragm flattens( contracts ), rib cage rises, volume in chest cavity increases, air rushed from ⬆️ pressure to ⬇️ pressure
exhalation- the diaphragm releases, rib cage lowers, volume in chest cavity decreases, air rushes from ⬇️ pressure to ⬆️ pressure
where does gas exchange occur? in which direction do the gases move?
gas exchange occurs in the 150 million alveoli in lungs. O2 goes into capillary, CO2 goes from capillary to alveoli
what is the job of hemoglobin ?
hemoglobin binds with oxygen and increases the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity.
what four things are involved in inhalation and exhalation ?
diaphragm, ribs, volume, air pressure
where is breathing controlled and what gas is monitored by sensors?
breathing is controlled by the brain and CO2 is monitored by sensors
how is the heart muscle different from all the other muscles in your body?
it never gets tired
what is the function of the heart ?
to deliver and retrieve blood from and / or to the different parts of our body
where is the heart located and what 3 sets of bones protect it?
the heart is located between the lungs, in the center of our chest but tilted and vortexes by the bony thorax (sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae)
