CV and Respiratory System

Question 1

what are the main parts of the circulatory system?

Answer 1

heart
blood
blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)

Question 2

differentiate between arteries, veins, and capillaries

Answer 2

arteries-carry blood away from heart and lung and carry 02 blood
veins-carry blood to hear and carry de02 blood
capillaries-exchange material between blood and cells

Question 3

what are the 4 chambers of the heart and where are they located?

Answer 3

atria (upper) -right/left

ventricle (lower)- right/left

Question 4

describe the inferior and superior vena cava. is it a vein or artery? is it carrying 02 or de02 blood? what direction does blood flow in the vena cavas? where does it deliver blood to? where does it receive blood from?

Answer 4

both are veins that delivers blood to the right atria from upper or lower body. they carry de02 blood. blood goes to the heart. receives blood from body.

Question 5

describe the aorta. is it a vein or artery? is it carrying 02 or de02 blood? what direction does blood flow in the vena cavas? where does it deliver blood to? where does it receive blood from?

Answer 5

the aorta is the largest artery. it carries 02 blood. it delivers blood to the body. It receives blood from left ventricle. blood is carried away from heart.

Question 6

describe the right and left pulmonary arteries. is it a vein or artery? is it carrying 02 or de02 blood? what direction does blood flow in the vena cavas? where does it deliver blood to? where does it receive blood from?

Answer 6

the right/left pulmonary artery are the only arteries that carry de02 blood. it delivers blood to the lungs. it receives blood from right ventricle. blood is carried away from heart.

Question 7

describe the right/left pulmonary vein. is it a vein or artery? is it carrying 02 or de02 blood? what direction does blood flow in the vena cavas? where does it deliver blood to? where does it receive blood from?

Answer 7

only veins carrying 02 blood. it delivers blood to the left atria. it receives blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 8

what is the difference between pulmonary blood flow and systemic bloody flow?

Answer 8

all blood flowing to and from the lungs. all blood flowing to and from the body.

Question 9

what is the job of the heart valves? where are the AV valves located and what are their names? where are the semilunar valves located and what are their names? which two are on the right side of the heart? which two are on the left?

Answer 9

the job of the heart valves are to prevent blood backflow. the two av valves are the tricuspid (right side) and mitral (left side). they are between the atria and ventricles. the two semilunar valves are the pulmonary (right side) semilunar and aortic semilunar (left side) valves. they are between the ventricles and greater arteries

Question 10

what’s the path from the aorta to the body?

Answer 10

aorta➡️arteries➡️artieoles➡️capillary➡️venule➡️vein➡️vena cava

Question 11

what are three causes of heart valve defects?

Answer 11

birth defects, age-related, infections

Question 12

what is blood pressure? what is diastole and systole? what is a normal blood pressure?

Answer 12

blood pressure is the amount of pressure being exerted on an artery wall when the heart contracts and relaxes. diastole is the relaxation phase and systole is the contraction phase. a normal blood pressure is 120/80 (s/d)

Question 13

what is the pacemaker and where is it located ?

Answer 13

the pacemaker sets the tempo of the heart beat. it’s located in the right atrium.

Question 14

what is an aed and how does it work?

Answer 14

an aed is a portable device that analyzes heart electrical rhythm and applies shock as needed.

Question 15

what is the function of the respiratory system? circulatory system? how do they work together?

Answer 15

the function of the respiratory system is to work together with the circulatory system to provide our cells with oxygen and to inhale and to exhale. the capillaries and alveoli link the two systems together

Question 16

how does respiration differ from breathing ?

Answer 16

repatriation is the process of gas exchange between the environment and the body. breathing is the movement of the diaphragm and rib cage and a changing air pressure in the chest cavity.

Question 17

describe the path of air flow into the lungs

Answer 17

nose➡️pharynx➡️larynx➡️trachea➡️bronchi➡️bronchioles➡️alveoli

Question 18

define nose hairs

Answer 18

catches dust/filters air

Question 19

pharynx

Answer 19

“throat”, passageway for food air

Question 20

larynx

Answer 20

“voice box”, contains vocal chords

Question 21

trachea

Answer 21

“windpipe”, covered by epiglottis to prevent choking, lined with cilia and mucus to trap dirt and dust

Question 22

epiglottis

Answer 22

covers trachea to prevent from choking

Question 23

bronchi/bronchioles

Answer 23

large and small tubes surrounded by involuntary smooth muscle that brings air into the lungs

Question 24

alveoli

Answer 24

tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs

Question 25

diaphragm

Answer 25

contracts/relaxes, dome shaped when contracted, depends on inhalation or exhalation

Question 26

understand how both inhalation and exhalation occur

Answer 26

inhalation- the diaphragm flattens( contracts ), rib cage rises, volume in chest cavity increases, air rushed from ⬆️ pressure to ⬇️ pressure

exhalation- the diaphragm releases, rib cage lowers, volume in chest cavity decreases, air rushes from ⬇️ pressure to ⬆️ pressure

Question 27

where does gas exchange occur? in which direction do the gases move?

Answer 27

gas exchange occurs in the 150 million alveoli in lungs. O2 goes into capillary, CO2 goes from capillary to alveoli

Question 28

what is the job of hemoglobin ?

Answer 28

hemoglobin binds with oxygen and increases the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity.

Question 29

what four things are involved in inhalation and exhalation ?

Answer 29

diaphragm, ribs, volume, air pressure

Question 30

where is breathing controlled and what gas is monitored by sensors?

Answer 30

breathing is controlled by the brain and CO2 is monitored by sensors

Question 31

how is the heart muscle different from all the other muscles in your body?

Answer 31

it never gets tired

Question 32

what is the function of the heart ?

Answer 32

to deliver and retrieve blood from and / or to the different parts of our body

Question 33

where is the heart located and what 3 sets of bones protect it?

Answer 33

the heart is located between the lungs, in the center of our chest but tilted and vortexes by the bony thorax (sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae)