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AP Psych > Unit 1 Guided Notes > Flashcards

Unit 1 Guided Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and the factors that influence them

A

Psychology

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2
Q

Any observable response or activity by an organism

A

Behavior

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3
Q

Physiology ad Philosophy

A

Influencing factors

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4
Q

Relying on observable data

A

Empiricism

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5
Q

Relying on the simplest explanation possible (ex. of Empiricism)

A

Parsimony

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6
Q

Human behavior is ultimately predictable (ex. of Empiricism)

A

Determinism

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7
Q

As a science, psychologists deal with data that can be answered (ex. of Empiricism)

A

Testability

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8
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Structuralism

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9
Q

I think…

A

Therefor, I am.

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10
Q

Wilhelm Wundt emphasized introspective analysis of _____ and _____

A

Sensation and Perception

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11
Q

William James

A

Functionalism

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12
Q

Does Functionalism or Structuralism have a more lasting impact?

A

Functionalism - it lea to behaviorism

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13
Q

Looking within in an attempt to describe one’s own memories, perceptions, and cognitive processes or motivation

A

Introspection

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14
Q

The branch of psychology that studies the physiological/biological basis of behavior (Emphasis on heredity and biological processes, such as brain chemistry)

A

Physiological

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15
Q

Function of abnormally low levels of saratonin in the brain

A

Depression

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16
Q

Psychology should study only observable behavior - actions have consequences

A

John Watson

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17
Q

The branch of psychology that studies complex behavior and mental processes

A

Cognitive (Jean Piaget)

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18
Q

Cognitive Psychology Branches

A 
Learning 
Attention 
Learning and Memory 
Verbal Behavior (language) 
Concept Formation 
Problem Solving
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19
Q

Psychology emphasizing perception and thought processes - depressed people perceive events in a negative ways and think depressing thoughts

A

Cognitive Psychology

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20
Q

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

A

Humanistic

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21
Q

An approach to the study of human behavior that emphasizes human experience, choice of creativity, self-realization, and positive growth

A

Humanism

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22
Q

Emphasis on resolved conflicts from childhood, unconscious motives, and importance of sexuality

A

Psychoanalysis - Sigmund Freud

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23
Q

Emphasis on observable behavior and the consequences of behavior

A

Behaviorism

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24
Q

Emphasis on free will and personal growth

A

Humanism

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25
Q

Study of biological bases of psychological processes and behavior

A

Biopsychology

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26
Q

Thinking, conscious experience, observable mental processes

A

Cognitive Psychology

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27
Q

Study chances that occur with age

A

Developmental Psychology

28
Q

Investigation and treatment of abnormal behavior and mental disorders

A

Clinical Psychology

29
Q

Interaction between lifestyle and physical health

A

Health Psychology

30
Q

Work to improve curriculum designs, achievement testing, and teacher training

A

Educational Psychology

31
Q

Testing and counseling of children having difficulties in school; aid parents and teachers

A

School Psychology

32
Q

Run Human Resources departments; improve productivity and attitudes, increase job satisfaction and moral

A

Industrial Psychology

33
Q

A psychologist who helps organizations that manufacture products or that buy products/services

A

Consumer Psychology

34
Q

Investigate relationships between people and physical environment; work with architects and geographers

A

Environmental Psychology

35
Q

Studies the effects of culture on behavior

A

Cultural Psychology

36
Q

Analyzes criminals - find out what makes them tick

A

Forensic Psychology

37
Q

MD - diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

A

Psychiatrist

38
Q

PhD or Ed D or PhD - interviews, testing, group/individual psychotherapy

A

Clinical psychologist

39
Q

A set of rules that govern the collection and analysis of data gained through observations, studies, and experiments

A

The Scientific Method

40
Q

Steps of scientific method

A

Identify problem
Form hypothesis
Carry out research

41
Q

Goals of scientific method

A

Measurement/Description
Understanding/Prediction
Application/Control

42
Q

Steps in scientific investigation

A 
Formulate a testable hypothesis
Select the method and design the study 
Collect the data 
Analyze the data and draw conclusions 
Report the findings
43
Q

Define the actions and operations used to measure or control a variable

A

Operationalization

44
Q

Condition or event directly manipulated by the experimenter

A

Independent Variable

45
Q

The aspect or behavior thought to be affected by the IV; outcome or result

A

Dependent Variable

46
Q

Outside variables that might affect DV

A

Extraneous Variables

47
Q

Gets no special treatment

A

Control Group

48
Q

Gets special treatment

A

Experimental/treatment group

49
Q

Involved in the experiment with the experimenters

A

Confederates

50
Q

Use old, previously recorded data

A

Archival research

51
Q

No intervention with subjects

A

Naturalistic Observation

52
Q

Questionnaires and interviews used to gather information about specific aspects of behavior

A

Survey Research

53
Q

Follows one participant

A

Case study

54
Q

Informed consent

A

Ethics

55
Q

Experimenter has an idea of how they would want their experiment to turn out

A

Experimenter Bias

56
Q

May not experiment seriously; they may try to guess what is happening

A

Subject Bias

57
Q

Change in behavior due to no actual treatment

A

Placebo Effect

58
Q

Much larger collection of animals/people

A

Population

59
Q

Collection of subjects selected for observation

A

Sample

60
Q

Used to determine if a relationship between two factors exists, and what type of relationship

A

Correlational Research

61
Q

Both variables change in the same direction

A

Positive Correlations

62
Q

Variables change in opposite direction

A

Negative Correlations

63
Q

Numerical index of degree of relationship between 2 variables

A

Correlation Coefficient

64
Q

Make predictions about population based on samples

A

Inferential Statistics

65
Q

Make calculations to determine whether research results are statistically significant

A

Hypothesis testing

66
Q

Probability that observed findings are due to chance is low

A

Statistical significance

67
Q

Repeat to verify results are valid

A

Replication

AP Psych (34 decks)

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