CHAPTER 3 Vocab (A-F) Flashcards

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1
Q

The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin

A

Absolute refractory period

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2
Q

The minimum amount of stimulation that an organism can detect for a specific type of sensory input

A

Absolute threshold

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3
Q

Changing existing mental structures to explain new experiences

A

Accommodation

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4
Q

An inherited characteristic that increased in population (through natural selection) because it helped solve a problem of survival or reproduction

A

Adaptation

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5
Q

Formation of colors by superimposing lights, putting more light in the mixture than exists in any one light by itself

A

Additive color mixing

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6
Q

A visual image that persists after a stimulus is removed

A

Afterimage

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7
Q

Orientations that locate objects of thought on dimensions of judgment

A

Attitudes

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8
Q

Locating the source of a sound in space

A

Auditory localization

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9
Q

A structure that runs the length of the cochlea in the inner ear and holds the auditory receptors, called hair cells

A

Basilar membrane

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10
Q

Clues about distance based on the differing views of the two eyes

A

Binocular depth cues

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11
Q

In form perception, progression from individual elements to the whole

A

Bottom-up processing

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12
Q

The fluid-filed, coiled tunnel in the inner ear that contains the receptors for hearing

A

Cochlea

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13
Q

Deficiency in the ability to distinguish among colors

A

Color blindness

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14
Q

People, objects, events, and other standards that are used as a baseline for comparisons in making judgments

A

Comparitors

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15
Q

Pairs of colors that produce gray tones when added together

A

Complementary colors

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16
Q

Specialized visual receptors that play a key role in daytime vision and color vision

A

Cones

17
Q

A cue to depth that involves sensing the eyes converging toward each other as they focus on closure depths

A

Convergence

18
Q

The process in which the eyes become more sensitive to light in low illumination

A

Dark adaptation

19
Q

Interpretation of visual cues that indicate how near or far away objects are

A

Depth perception

20
Q

Stimuli that lie in the distance (world outside body)

A

Distal stimuli

21
Q

Making a large request that is likely to be turned down as a way to increase the chances that people will agree to a small request later

A

Door-in-face technique

22
Q

A device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp

A

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

23
Q

The entire family of internally produced chemicals that resemble opiates in structure and effects

A

Endorphins

24
Q

A vision deficiency in which distant objects are seen clearly but close together objects appear blurry

A

Farsightedness

25
Q

The process of detecting specific elements in visual input and assembling them into a more complex form

A

Feature analysis

26
Q

Neurons that respond selectively to very specific features of more complex stimuli

A

Feature detectors

27
Q

A psychophysical law stating that larger and larger increases in stimulus intensity are require to produce perceptible increments in the magnitude of sensation

A

Fechner’s law

28
Q

A tiny spot in the center of the retina that contains only cones; visual acuity is greatest at this spot

A

Fovea

29
Q

the theory that perception of pitch corresponds to the rate, or frequency, at which the entire basilar membrane vibrates

A

Frequency theory