CHAPTER 1a Vocab Flashcards
A disorder in which the immune system is gradually weakened and eventually disabled by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
The branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems
Applied Psychology
One or more premises used to provide support for a conclusion
Argument
Orientations that locate objects of though on dimensional judgement
Attitudes
Any overt (observable response or activity by an organism)
Behavior
A systematic approach to changing behavior through the application of the principles of conditioning
Behavior Modification
A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior
Behaviorism
Psychologists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems
Clinical Psychologists
The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders
Clinical Psychology
The mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge
Cognition
The use of cognitive skills and strategies that increase the probability of a desired outcome
Critical Thinking
The widely shared customs, beliefs, norms, institutions, and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations
Culture
Sending a weak electric current into a brain structure to stimulate (activate) it
Electrical Stimulation of the Brain (ESB)
The premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation
Empiricism
The tendency to view one’s own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways
Ethnocentrism
Theoretical perspective that examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for a species over the course of many generations
Evolutionary Psychology
A school of psychology based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure
Functionalism
DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in heredity transmission
Genes
A theoretical orientation that emphasizes the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of the part
Humanism
A theoretical orientation based on the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
Gestalt Psychology
The branch of psychology concerned with the application of psychological principles the applications of psychological principles to the workplace
Industrial and Organizational (I/O)
Careful, systematic observation of one’s own conscious experience
Introspection
Principle stating that heritable characteristics that provide a survival reproductive advantage are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations and thus come to be “selected” over time
Natural Selection
The process of forming impressions of others
Person Perspective
Physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
Psychiatrists
A branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders
Psychiatry
An insight therapy that emphasizes the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses through techniques such as free association and transference
Psychoanalysis
A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior
Psychoanalytic Theory
A standardized measure of a sample of a person’s behavior
Psychological test
The science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems
Psychology
A collection of beliefs about one’s own nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior
Self-Concept
The branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others
Social Psychology
A study system designed to promote effective reading by means of five step: survey question, read, recite, and review
SQ3R
A school of psychology based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and to investigate how these elements are related
Scructuralism
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness
Subliminal Perception
The ability to use the characteristics and format of a cognitive test to maximize one’s score
Testwiseness
A system of interrelated ideas that are used to explain a set of observations
Theory
