Unit 1 - Fungi Flashcards
What does the fungi group involve
Microorganisms, molds, mushrooms
What is mycology
Study of fungi
What are the characteristics of fungi
Eukaryotes, cell wall contains chitin, closely related to animals, no mechanisms of locomotion, range in size of microscopic to very large.
What are heterotrophs
No chloroplasts for photosynthesis Uses organic material for growth.
What is an autotroph
An organism that uses inorganic material for growth and produce organic material
How do fungi get nutrients
Acquired by absorption.. Usually from decaying material
are fungi aerobic ?
Aerobic or facultative anaerobic, only a few anaerobic fungi are known
How do fungi reproduce
Asexually or sexually
What are the three fungi categories
Saprophytic, parasitic, mycorrhizal (symbiotic)
What is a saprophytic categories
Largest group of fungi, they grow on dead organic matter and work to rot or digest that organic matter. Good with fallen trees, dead leaves etc
What is the parasitic fungi categories
Second largest group, prefer a living host.. Can cause damage to a host
What is a mycorrhizal fungi
Form a partnership mainly with trees and plants. Mutually beneficial
Describe yeast
Non filamentous, microscopic, unicellular fungi. Oval or spherical. Larger than bacteria. Widely distributed. Reproduces by budding or fission
Describe the yeasts budding
Budding yeast divide unevenly. Parent cell forms a protuberance on its outer surface. Bud elongates and parents cells nucleus divides, makes a cell wall division, bud breaks away
How many yeasts cell can produce
24 daughter cells by budding
What is a fission yeast
Divide evenly to produce two new cells. Parent cell elongates, parent cell nucleus divides, two daughter cells are produced
What is a yeast capable of
Facultative anaerobic growth.
What happens if oxygen is present for yeast
Performs aerobic respiration to metabolize carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and water
What happens with yeast if no oxygen is present
They ferment carbohydrates and produce ethanol and carbon dioxide
What is yeast used for in the food industry
Bakers yeast, bubbles, beer yeast, wine yeast
What is a hyphae
Thallus (body) of a mild or fleshy fungus consists of long filaments of cells joined together.
What are septa
Molds that have hyphae that contain cross walls
What is a vegetative hyphae
Portion of hypha that obtains nutrients and forms mycelium
What are Aerial hyphae
Portion of hypha concerned with reproduction and projects from surface of medium
What are most molds
Aerobic
Why is the life cycle of fungi
Filamentous fungi can reproduce asexually by fragmentation of their hyphae. Both sexual and asexual reproduction occurs by the formation of spores. Fungi is identified by spore type
What are the molds in the industry used for
Food, pharmaceutics.
What is a dimorphic fungi
Some fungi, especially the pathogenic species exhibit dimorphism. Can grow as a mold or a yeast. Non pathogenic fungi dimorphism can be co2 dependant.
