Unit 1 - Canine Viral Diseases Flashcards
What is the family name for canine distemper
Paramyxoviridae
What are the seven canine viral diseases
Distemper, adenovirus, para influenza, parvovirus, coronavirus, papilloma virus, rabies
Describe the structure of the canine distemper virus
Enveloped RNA virus
What symptom manifestations does distemper cause
Respiratory, gastrointestinal, central nervous system
What is the host range for distemper
Dogs, wolves, foxes, ferrets, raccoons, skunks, lion
How is the morbidity and mortality in dogs
High morbidity and mortality . 50% mortality and unvaccinated dogs
Which age range is more susceptible to distemper
3 to 6 months more susceptible
What is the incubation period for distemper
3 to 8 days
Describe the route of infection for distemper
Inhaled droplets of infected secretions
Describe the dissemination of distemper
Macrophages carry the virus to local lymph nodes and then the virus spreads via viremia to respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital tract and central nervous system
What are the non-neurological signs of distemper
Fever, anorexia, nasal and ocular thick discharge, coughing, vomiting, diarrhea
What are the neurological signs of distemper
Seizures, circling, ataxia, paralysis
What happens to dogs that survive distemper
They often have lifelong nervous system complications
How do you treat distemper
Supportive care, IV fluid, antibiotics, anticonvulsive, analgesic
How long do infected dogs with distemper shed the virus for
Several months
How do you prevent canine distemper
Vaccination, prevent contact with wildlife, disinfection, isolation of infected puppies
What is the family of the canine adenovirus
Adenoviridae
Describe the structure of the canine adenovirus
Non-envelope DNA virus
What is type one canine adenovirus
Infectious hepatitis
What is type two canine adenovirus
Respiratory infection
What can canine adenovirus one infect
Foxes, wolves, coyotes, skunks, bears
What can canine adenovirus one cause
Acute or chronic hepatitis
In which age range is the at T9 adenovirus most common
Dogs less than one year of age
What is the incubation period for the acute disease version of K9 adenovirus one
4 to 9 days
What is the route of infection for canine adenovirus one
Oro nasal
What is the dissemination for canine adenovirus one
Virus replicates in tonsils then the following viremia there is viral replication in the liver, kidney, spleen, lungs
What are the clinical signs for canine adenovirus one
Most cases are asymptomatic. Can have peracute, acute or mild disease
Describe the clinical signs for the acute disease
Fever, anorexia, Lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, hepatomegaly, abdominal pain
What will 20% of dogs get when they get infected with canine adenovirus one
Anterior uveitis and corneal edema. hepatitis Blueeye
How do you treat canine adenovirus one
Fluid therapy, antibiotics, antiemetics, antiacids
How is canine adenovirus one transmitted
Through feces and saliva. Once were covered dogs we should the virus in their urine for several months
How do you prevent canine adenovirus one
Vaccination
Describe canine adenovirus two
Mild respiratory disease. Causes tonsillitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia. Involved in the tracheobronchitis infection kennel cough
What is the family for para influenza
Paramyxoviridae
Describe para influenza
Highly contagious upper respiratory tract infection which is an important cause of tracheobronchitis. Usually does not cause a severe disease but to make the dog more susceptible to secondary bacterial and viral infections
What is infectious tracheobronchitis
Highly contagious, acute disease that is localized in the airways. Can be caused by one or more infectious agents such as canine adenovirus two, para influenza virus, Bordetella bronchiseptica
What are the clinical signs of infection is tracheobronchitis
Sudden onset of severe productive or nonproductive cough. Cough is worse worse with exercise, excitement, pressure on the neck from collar. Trachea palpation induces cough on GPE. Can also have gagging, retching or nasal discharge
What is the treatment for infectious tracheal bronchitis
In most dogs the diseases self-limiting with resolution of clinical signs into weeks. Rest for 7 to 14 days to limit constant irritation of airways caused by coughing. Cough suppressant’s or antibiotics may be prescribed if the condition persists
How do you prevent infections tracheobronchitis
Isolate sick animals. If it’s at a kennel evacuate the kennel for 1 to 2 weeks and disinfect
What is the family for parvovirus
Parvoviridae
Describe the structure of the parvovirus
Non-envelope DNA virus
Describe canine parvovirus type two
Has two strains type a and type B.
What can canine parvovirus type two infect
Dogs, wolves, coyotes
What are the risk factors for canine parvovirus type two
Season. More likely in the summer months. If a Rottweiler, Doberman, pitbull, Labrador retriever. If six weeks to six months old. If not vaccinated
What is the route of infection for parvovirus
Fecal to oral
What is the initial replication cycle of parvovirus
The laryngeal tissues, virus is spread to other tissues and organs by the bloodstream. Infects and destroys rapidly dividing cells
What happens if parvovirus destroys the precursor cells of white blood cells
Leukopenia
What happens if parvovirus destroys the intestinal crypt cells
Shortened villi, malabsorption, diarrhea
What happens if a neonatal puppy is infected with parvovirus
Results in myocarditis and death. Some puppies may survive but with a lifelong cardiac condition
What is the incubation period for parvovirus
4 to 14 days
What are the clinical signs of parvovirus
Anorexia, vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea, weight loss, Lethargy. Severe disease results in sepsis. Can be fatal
What is the treatment for parvovirus
Hospitalization with aggressive supportive treatment, IV fluids, antibiotics, anti-vomiting, anti-acid, analgesic
What happens if an animal survives parvovirus
Lifelong immunity after natural infection
Describe the transmission of parvovirus
Virus is shed and high amounts in feces one clinical signs are present. Virus may also be shed after late into incubation period for a limited time after recovery. 2 to 3 weeks. Direct contact with contaminated stool surfaces bulls collars and leashes. Flies can carry contaminated fecal matter to food bowls. Spread by Hans and clothing of people in contact with affected dogs
How long can parvovirus stay in the soil
Months
How do you prevent and control parvovirus
Isolation of sick animals, gloves and protective clothing, disinfection, vaccination
What is the family of the coronavirus
Coronaviridae
Describe the structure of a coronavirus
Envelope RNA virus
What is the root of infection for the coronavirus
Fecal to oral
What is the pathogenesis of the coronavirus
Affects the epithelial cells of the intestinal villi but not the crypt cells
What are the clinical signs of the coronavirus
Mild gastroenteritis, anorexia, Lethargy
What is the transmission for the coronavirus
Virus is shed in feces for two weeks
What is the incubation period for the coronavirus
1 to 3 days
What is the treatment for coronavirus
Most dogs recover without treatment. Some patients may need supportive care
How do you prevent and control coronavirus
Strict sanitation and isolation protocols, vaccine is available but controversial
What family is the papilloma virus in
Papillomaviridae
Describe the structure of a papilloma virus
Non-envelope DNA virus
Describe the thing that special about the Papilloma virus
Highly host specific and tissue restricted. Virus can only affect terminally differentiated cells like skin cells. Stimulates cell hyperplasia. Infected tissue forms benign tumors. Canine papillomas occurred on the lips and in the mouth of young dogs
How do you transmit the Papilloma virus
Close contact
