Unit 1 - Feline Viral Diseases Flashcards
What family is Panleukopenia in
Parvoviridae
What are the seven feline viral diseases
Panleukopenia, rhinotracheitis, calici virus, feline Corona virus/FIP, feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, rabies
Describe the structure of the Panleukopenia virus
Non-envelope DNA virus
How long can panleukopenia survive in the environment
For years on contaminated surfaces. Extremely stable virus
What can Panleukopenia cause in kittens
Severe acute gastroenteritis and leukopenia
Who are the most susceptible for panleukopenia
2 to 6 months of age cats
Describe the mortality rate for panleukopenia in kittens
Very high mortality rate. Can also kill susceptible older cats
Describe the incubation period for Panleukopenia
Five days
What is the route of infection for panleukopenia
Oral route
What happens if a mother is infected with panleukopenia in utero infection in first trimester
Abortion and fetal death
Describe what happens if a mother is affected with panleukopenia in second and third trimester
Cerebellar hypoplasia. Versus myocarditis for puppies
How is Panleukopenia transmitted
Virus is shed on all body secretions but primarily feces and can be transmitted in utero
What are the clinical signs of panleukopenia
Lethargy, dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, turgid intestines, fever, hypothermia
What are the clinical signs if a kitten is infected in utero or neonatally
Ataxia, hypermetria, incoordination. The signs persist for life but are not progressive
What is the treatment for Panleukopenia
Hospitalization with aggressive supportive treatment. IV fluids, antibiotics, antiemetics antacids
How do you prevent Panleukopenia
Disinfection of cages, floors, food and water dishes with bleach. Vaccination
What causes feline upper respiratory infection
A complex of viral and bacterial agents. Sneezing nasal congestion and nasal discharge. Herpes virus, calici virus, Bordetella bronchiseptica, chlamydia Felis, mycoplasma
What family is rhino in
Herpesviridae
Describe the structure of the rhinovirus
Envelope dna virus. Latent infection possible
Which cats do rhinotracheitis infect
Cats of all ages but mostly kittens. Can also in fact many exotic cats.
What does rhinotracheitis cause
Acute upper respiratory tract infection. Very widespread in the cat population
What Is the incubation period for rhinotracheitis
2 to 6 days
What is the route of infection for the rhinotracheitis virus
Oral, intranasal or conjunctival exposure
What is the pathogenesis of the rhinotracheitis virus
Attacks epithelial cells and causes necrosis of the upper respiratory tract and ocular epithelia. Pulmonary involvement is rare. All cats infected become chronic carriers
What are the clinical signs of the rhinotracheitis virus
Sneezing, Serous to micro purulent nasal discharge. Turbinate distruction might be permanent and lead to chronic sinusitis. Possible ulcerative keratitis, occasional oral ulcers. Possible anorexia
What can happen if kittens under four weeks of age get rhinotracheitis
Can be fatal.
What happens if pregnant queens get rhinotracheitis
Can abort or have severe infections in neonates
What is the treatment for rhinotracheitis
Frequent cleaning of eyes a nose. IV fluid antibiotics antivirals appetite stimulants nebulization reducing stress
What family is the calici virus in
Caliciviridae
Describe the structure of the calici virus
Non-envelopes are in a virus. Many different strains of variable degrees of Virulence
What is calici virus cause
Common viral respiratory disease of domestic and exotic cats. Highly contagious. Common in multi-cat household and breeding catteries
Who’s susceptible to the calici virus
Cats of any age but young kittens more susceptible. High morbidity and mortality can reach 30% in young kittens. Prognosis is excellent in older kittens unless severe pneumonia develops
What is the incubation period for calici virus
2-6 days
What are the three forms of calici virus
Pneumotropic
Rheumatic
Virulent systemic
Describe the pneumotropic form of calici virus
Affect the upper respiratory tract and rarely of the lower respiratory tract
Describe the rheumatic form of the calici virus
Joint pain and lameness in kittens
Describe the Virulent systemic form of calici virus
Severe clinical signs in adults
Describe the route of infection for calici virus
Ingestion
What is the dessemination of the calici virus
Replication and oropharyngeal tissues. Spreads primarily to epithelium of conjunctiva, nose and oral cavity. Causes rapid cytolysis of infected cells.
What are the clinical signs of calicivirus
Anorexia, dehydration, fever, conjunctivitis, oral discharge, blepharospasms, chemosis, ulcers on tongue, dyspnea
What is the treatment for calici virus
Clean eyes and nose, supportive treatment if anorexic, antibiotics, ophthalmic antibiotics
Describe the transmission for calici virus
Cat to cat contact, virus shed and high amounts and affected cats. Recovered cats can be persistently infected and shed smaller quantities of virus in their saliva
How do you prevent calici virus
Isolation, disinfection, vaccination
What family does the corona virus belong to
Corona Viridae
Describe the structure of the coronavirus
Enveloped RNA virus
What can the coronavirus cause
Feeling Coronaviral enteritis, feline infectious peritonitis
Describe feline coronal viral enteritis
Mild, self-limiting diarrhea. Transmitted mainly by fecal oral route or through saliva. Can also be transmitted intraplacental. No vaccinations
Describe feline infectious peritonitis
Occur sporadically. Chronic debilitating disease. Usually fatal with mortality near hundred percent. In vivo mutation transforms the low Verelint introduced into the aggressive lethal virus. More common in cats six months to two years of age and more common in males
Describe the pathogenesis for FIP
FIP virus replicates in the upper respiratory tract. Viruses taken up by the micro fighters and transported throughout the body. Replication of perivascular sites cause nodules and liver spleen lungs etc. lesions also appear in Pericarditis
What are the two forms of FIP
Wet form (effusive) and dry form (non effusive). Host immune status determines the pathogenesis and clinical outcome
What are the clinical signs for the wet form of FIP
Abdominal distention with ascites, pleural effusion, muffled heart sounds, abdominal masses
What are the clinical signs for the dry form of FIP
Uveitis, ataxia, personality changes, seizures, abdominal masses
What is the treatment for FIP
Incurable. Wet form will die within two months. Dry form have chronic disease but fatal
What family is the feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus part of
Retrovirudae
Describe the structure of the retroviruses
Enveloped RNA virus
What does leukemia result in
Immunosuppression myelosuppression and neoplasia. Cats under one year more susceptible. Outdoor cats are more at risk. And males are more at risk than females
What’s the route of infection for feline leukemia
Oral and nasal cavities
Describe the dissemination for feline leukemia
Virus replicates an oral pharyngeal lymphoid tissues. Cats can moat a few full immune response on the limited the infection or have an ineffective at me and response and become very manic. Once premier occurs the virus replicates and other lymphoid tissues and bone marrow. Latent infection may be reactivated after stress
What are the clinical signs of feline leukemia virus
Anemia, weight loss, anorexia, diarrhea, respiratory distress, liver and kidney disease, lymphoma
What’s the treatment for feline leukemia cats
No treatment if no clinical signs. Antibiotics, blood transfusion, chemotherapy. Leukemia positive cats can live for several years
How is the feline leukemia virus transmitted
Through saliva, can also be transmitted through blood and transplacentally. Mutual grooming, same food and water bowls
Who is at risk for the feline immunodeficiency virus
All feelings. Male cats are two times more likely than females. Stray intact adult male cats are at higher risk.
Describe the acute phase of the feline immunodeficiency virus
Viral replication and salivary gland, lymph nodes, Simons. Last days to a few weeks. May cause fever and lethargic
Describe the clinically latent phase of feeling immunodeficiency virus
Immune system contains but does not eliminate the virus, no clinical signs, cats are transmitting virus through bite and blood, lasts months to several years
Describe the terminal phase of feeling immunodeficiency virus
Viral replication overwhelms the immune system. Immune deficiency causes opportunistic infections and neoplasia
How is feline immunodeficiency virus transmitted
Cat bites. Through bite wounds and blood contamination. Also transmitted through colostrum
