Underproduction Flashcards
What is pancytopenia?
Reduction in white cells, red cells and platelets
What are the 2 main causes of pancytopenia?
Reduced production
Increased removal
What can cause increased removal of blood cells?
Immune destruction
Splenic pooling
Haemophagocytosis
What can caused reduced production of blood cells?
B12 / folate deficiency
Bone marrow infiltration
Marrow fibrosis
Radiation
What is aplastic anaemia?
Pancytopenia with a hypocellular bone marrow in the absence of an abnormal infiltrate and no increase in reticulin
Non-malignant bone marrow failure
What is thrombocytopenia?
Low platelets
What are acquired causes of thrombocytopenia?
Decreased platelet production
Increased platelet consumption
Increased platelet destruction
What ca cause decreased platelet production?
B12 or folate deficiency Acute leukaemia Aplastic anaemia Liver failure Sepsis
What can cause increased platelet consumption?
Massive haemorrhage
DIC
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
What can cause increased platelet destruction?
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
Hypersplenism
Drug induced
What are consequences of thrombocytopenia?
Easy bruising
Petechiae
Mucosal bleeding
What autoantibodies are present in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura?
GPIIb/IIIa
GPIb/IX
How is autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura managed?
Immunosuppression
What can cause aplastic anaemia?
Idiopathic
Fanconi anaemia
Diamond-Blackfan anaemia
Secondary to parvovirus
What is Fanconi anaemia?
Autosomal recessive condition that causes bone marrow failure
What are the clinical features of Fanconi anaemia
Hypopigmentation
Cafe-au-lait spots
Neurological features
Short stature
What are cafe-au-lait spots?
Flat patches of skin that are darker than the surrounding skin
What condition are those with Fanconi anaemia more at risk of?
Acute myeloid anemia
What is diamond-blackfan anaemia?
Autosomal dominant condition that causes bone marrow failure
What are the clinical features of diamond-blackfan anaemia?
Microcephaly
Short stature
Wide set eyes
Ptosis
