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Haematology > Lymphoma > Flashcards

Lymphoma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the malignant cells in lymphoma?

A

B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
NK cells

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2
Q

What sites does lymphoma effect?

A

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Bone marrow

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3
Q

What are the types of lymphoma?

A

Hodgkin

Non-Hodgkin

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4
Q

How is Hodgkin lymphoma divided?

A

Classical

Non-classical

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5
Q

How is non-Hodgkin lymphoma divided?

A

By cell type

By grade

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6
Q

What is the classic histology of Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

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7
Q

What are the clinical features of Hodgkin lymphoma?

A 
Painless lymphadenopathy 
B symptoms 
Hepatosplenomaegaly 
Alcohol induced LN pain 
Pel-Ebstein fever
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8
Q

What is Pel-Ebstein fever?

A

Fever that lasts a few days, goes away and comes back in cycles

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9
Q

What are the clinical features of non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Painless lymphadenopathy
B symptoms
Hepatosplenomegaly

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10
Q

Who is effected by Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

15-35 years

> 60 years

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11
Q

Who is effected by non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Elderly

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12
Q

What investigations are done for suspected lymphoma?

A

Bloods

  • FBC
  • blood film
  • LDH
  • ESR

CT CAP

Bone marrow biopsy
LN biopsy

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13
Q

How is low grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma managed?

A

Radiotherapy +/- chemo

chemo = R-CHOP/CHOP

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14
Q

How is high grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma managed?

A

Chemotherapy +/- radiotherapy

chemo = R-CHOP/CHOP

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15
Q

How is Hodgkin lymphoma managed?

A

Chemotherapy + radiotherapy

chemo = ABVD

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16
Q

What are the main types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

A 
Follicular 
Marginal zone 
Mantle cell 
Burkitt 
Diffuse
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17
Q

Which non-Hodgkin lymphomas are low grade?

A

Follicular
Marginal zone
Mantle cell

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18
Q

Which non-Hodgkin lymphomas are high grade?

A

Burkitt

Diffuse

19
Q

What is follicular lymphoma?

A

Proliferation of small B cells forming follicle like nodules

20
Q

What is the translocation associated with follicular lymphoma?

A

t(14;18)

21
Q

What is marginal zone lymphoma?

A

Proliferation of small B cells that expand the marginal zone

22
Q

Where does marginal zone lymphoma effect?

A

LNs
Spleen

Extranodal sites

  • gastric MALToma
  • thyroid gland
  • salivary gland
23
Q

What causes extranodal involvement in marginal zone lymphoma?

A

Chronic inflammation

Gastric MALToma = H.pylori

Thyroid = Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Salivary gland = Sjogren’s

24
Q

What is mantle cell lymphoma?

A

Proliferation of small B cells in the mantle zone

25
Q

What is the translocation associated with mantle cell lymphoma?

A

t(11;14)

26
Q

What is Burkitt lymphoma?

A

Proliferation of intermediate B cells

27
Q

What conditions are associated with Burkitt lymphoma?

A

EBV

HIV

28
Q

What translocation is associated with Burkitt lymphoma?

A

t(8;14)

29
Q

What is the appearance of Burkitt lymphoma on microscopy?

A

Starry-sky appearance

30
Q

What are the types of Burkitt lymphoma?

A

Sporadic - arises in abdo/pelvis

Endemic - EBV associated and arises in jaw

31
Q

What is diffuse lymphoma?

A

Proliferation of large B cells which grow in sheets

32
Q

What is the pathophysiology of diffuse lymphoma?

A

Arise sporadically or from transformation of a low grade lymphoma

33
Q

What are the classical types of Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Nodular sclerosis
Mixed cellularity
Lymphocyte rich
Lymphocyte deplete

34
Q

What is the non-classical type of Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Nodular lymphocyte predominant

35
Q

Who does nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma tend to affect?

A

Young women

36
Q

Which lymph nodes are affected in nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Cervical / mediastinal

37
Q

What is associated with mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

EBV

38
Q

Which lymph nodes are affected in mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Abdominal

39
Q

What lymph nodes are affected in lymphocyte rich Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Cervical / axillary

40
Q

What is associated with lymphocyte deplete Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

HIV

41
Q

Which lymph nodes are affected in lymphocyte deplete Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Below diaphragm

42
Q

What cells are found in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Popcorn cells

43
Q

What staging system is used in Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Ann Arbor

44
Q

What is the Ann Arbor staging?

A

1 = single LN region

2 = 2 or more on same side of diaphragm

3 = regions on both sides of the diaphragm

4 = extranodal involvement

Haematology (28 decks)

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