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Haematology > Haematopoesis > Flashcards

Haematopoesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is haemopoesis?

A

Production of blood cells

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2
Q

Where does haemopoesis occur?

A

Bone marrow

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3
Q

What hormone controls the production of erythrocytes?

A

Erythropoietin

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4
Q

What hormone controls the production of granulocytes?

A

G-CSF

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5
Q

What hormone controls the production of lymphocytes?

A

Interleukins

TNFs

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6
Q

What hormone controls the production of megarkaryocytes/platelets?

A

TPO

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7
Q

What is the reticuloendothelial system?

A

Network of blood and tissues which is part of the immune system containing phagocytic cells

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8
Q

What are the main organs of the RES?

A

Spleen

Liver

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9
Q

What happens to RBCs as they pass through the spleen?

A

Damaged or old cells are destroyed

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10
Q

What is the structure of the spleen?

A

Red pulp

  • sinuses line by endothelial macrophages
  • RBCs pass through

White pulp

  • similar structure to lymphoid follicles
  • WBCs pass through
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11
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A

Sequestration + phagocytosis of RBCs
Blood pooling
Extramedullary haemopoesis
Immunological function

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12
Q

What can cause splenomegaly?

A

Back pressure - portal hypertension
Overworking red/white pulp
Extramedullary haemopoesis
Infiltration

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13
Q

What is hyposplenism?

A

Lack of functioning splenic tissue

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14
Q

What causes hyposplenism?

A

Splenectomy
Sick cell disease
Coeliac disease

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15
Q

What can be seen on a blood film in hyposplenism?

A

Howell Jolly bodies - DNA remnants

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16
Q

What are the functions of RBCs?

A

Deliver oxygen to tissues
Carry haemoglobin
Maintain haemoglobin in reduced state
Maintain osmotic equilibrium

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17
Q

How is erythropoiesis controlled?

A

Reduced pO2 detected by peritubular cells in kidney
Increased production of erythropoietin by kidney
Erythropoietin stimulates maturation and release of RBCs from marrow
RBCs increase = fall in erythropoietin production

18
Q

What is cytopenia?

A

Reduction in blood cells

19
Q

What is anaemia?

A

Low red cell count

20
Q

What is leucopenia?

A

Low white cell count

21
Q

What is neutropenia?

A

Low neutrophil count

22
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

Low platelet count

23
Q

What is pancytopenia?

A

Low RBCs, WBCs and platelets

24
Q

What is eryhrocytosis?

A

High red cell count

25
Q

What is leucocytosis?

A

High white cell count

26
Q

What is neutrophilia?

A

High neutrophil count

27
Q

What is lymphocytosis?

A

High lymphocyte count

28
Q

What is thrombocytosis?

A

High platelet count

29
Q

What is the appearance of neutrophils?

A

Lobed nucleus

30
Q

What can cause neutrophilia?

A 
Acute inflammation 
Tissue damage 
Cancer 
Acute haemorrhage 
Infection
31
Q

What can cause neutropenia?

A

Immune destruction
Sepsis
B12/folate deficiency
Aplastic anaemia

32
Q

What are consequences of neutropenia?

A

Severe life threatening bacterial infection
Severe life threatening fungal infection
Mucosal ulceration

33
Q

What are the roles of monocytes?

A

Respond to inflammation and antigenic stimuli
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis

34
Q

What can cause monocytosis?

A

Chronic inflammatory conditions
Chronic infection
Carcinoma
Myeloproliferative disorders

35
Q

What are the roles of eosinophils?

A

Deal with some parasites
Mediator of allergic response
Mediate hypersensitivity reactions

36
Q

What are in eosinophil granules?

A

Arginine
Phospholipid
Enzyme

37
Q

What can cause eosinophilia?

A

Allergic diseases
Parasitic infection
Lymphoma
Leukaemia

38
Q

What are the roles of basophils?

A

Active in allergic reactions and inflammatory conditions

39
Q

What are in basophil granules?

A

Histamine
Heparin
Hyaluronic acid
Serotonin

40
Q

What can cause basophilia?

A

Hypersensitivity reactions
UC
RA
Myeloproliferative diseases

41
Q

What cells come from lymphocytes?

A

B cells
T cells
Natural killer cells

42
Q

What can cause lymphocytosis?

A

Viral infections
Bacterial infections
Lymphoproliferative disorders

Haematology (28 decks)

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