Liver Function Tests Flashcards
What is included in the LFTs?
Bilirubin ALT AST ALP Albumin Total protein
What is the normal bilirubin level?
3-17 umol/L
What can cause a raised bilirubin?
Liver pathology
What can cause a raised unconjugated bilirubin?
Increased breakdown of RBCs
What can cause a raised conjugated bilirubin?
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Bile duct blockage
What does ALT stand for?
Alanine aminotransferase
What is the normal level of ALT?
3-40 iu/L
What can cause a raised ALT?
Very high = viral hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis
High alcohol intake
Diabetes
Raised serum triglycerides
What does AST stand for?
Aspartate aminotransferase
What is the normal level of AST?
3-30 iu/L
What can cause a raised AST?
Very high = viral hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis
Alcohol abuse
What does ALP stand for?
Alkaline phosphatase
What is the normal level of ALP?
30-100 umol/L
What can cause a raised ALP?
Bile duct blockage
Paget’s disease
Osteomalacia
Vit D deficiency
What is the normal albumin level?
35-50g/L
What can cause a low albumin level?
Liver disease
Shock
Severe inflammation
Kidney disease
What can cause a high albumin level?
Dehydration
What is the normal level of total protein?
60-80 g/L
What can cause a low total protein level?
Liver disorder
Kidney disorder
Protein absorption problem
What can cause a high total protein level?
Dehydration
Accumulation of abnormal protein
What other test can be added to the LFTs?
GGT
What goes GGT stand for?
Gamma glutamyl transferase
What is the normal level of GGT?
8-60 u/L
What can cause a high GGT?
Liver disease
Alcohol abuse
NSAID use
Other drugs
What can cause a low GGT?
COCP