Undernutrition Flashcards
Which groups are more at risk of being malnourished?
Children Elderly Disabled Mental health Disease
How does body adapt to starvation?
Early starvation - liver glycogen used to provide energy used in 24hrs - glucose synthesised from proteins and fat metabolised to release FAs
Long term- lipolysis preferred sparring protein
Due to under nutrition subcutaneous fat is lost how does this effect the body?
Increased heat loss - hypothermia
How does under nutrition effect muscle function?
Muscle wasting
Muscle fatiguability
Deterioration in resp function
What are the consequences of cardiovascular and GiT function due to undernutrition?
CV- loss of cardiac muscle reduced cardiac output, tissue perfusion, hypotension
GiT- reduced digestion die to impaired gastric and pancreatic exocrine function, mucosal cell atrophy so reduced absorption, increased intestinal permeability to bacteria
How to treat undernutrition?
Increase nutrient intake
- vitamins
- minerals
- macronutrients
- fluids
What is refeeding syndrome?
Sudden administration of high glucose loads leads to: hypoakalemia, hypophosphataemia, hyperglycaemia, resp failure and cardiac failure
Why is enter all route favoured?
Stimulates gut associated immune function
Maintain intestinal mucosa
Stimulates intestinal & biliary motility
Cheaper and safer
How does body adapt to starvation?
Early starvation - liver glycogen used to provide energy used in 24hrs - glucose synthesised from proteins and fat metabolised to release FAs
Long term- lipolysis preferred sparring protein
Due to under nutrition subcutaneous fat is lost how does this effect the body?
Increased heat loss - hypothermia
How does under nutrition effect muscle function?
Muscle wasting
Muscle fatiguability
Deterioration in resp function
What are the consequences of cardiovascular and GiT function due to undernutrition?
CV- loss of cardiac muscle reduced cardiac output, tissue perfusion, hypotension
GiT- reduced digestion die to impaired gastric and pancreatic exocrine function, mucosal cell atrophy so reduced absorption, increased intestinal permeability to bacteria
How to treat undernutrition?
Increase nutrient intake
- vitamins
- minerals
- macronutrients
- fluids
What is refeeding syndrome?
Sudden administration of high glucose loads leads to: hypoakalemia, hypophosphataemia, hyperglycaemia, resp failure and cardiac failure
Why is enter all route favoured?
Stimulates gut associated immune function
Maintain intestinal mucosa
Stimulates intestinal & biliary motility
Cheaper and safer
