How enzymes work

Question 1

What are the biological importance of enzymes

Answer 1

metabolic & catabolic pathways

regulation of cellular functions

Question 2

What are the pharmaceutical importances of enzymes

Answer 2

drug targets
markers
drug synthesis

Question 3

What do enzymes consist of?

Answer 3

amino acids

Question 4

What is the structure of natural amino acids

Answer 4

alpha amino acids 
chiral centre (L form)
charges at pH 7.4

Question 5

What 2 ways do enzymes operate and describe them?

Answer 5

selective - reaction with single substrate out of a mixture of reactants
specific - generation of single product

Question 6

What are the two models of how enzymes work?

Answer 6

key- lock

induced fit

Question 7

What are the four chemical enzyme - substrate interactions?

Answer 7

electrostatic interactions
H- bonds
VDWs
hydrophobic interactions

Question 8

What do enzymes need to work?

Answer 8

co - factors

Question 9

What are coenzymes?

Answer 9

organic molecules that act as cofactors

Question 10

Do enzymes affect the free energy of the reaction, activation energy and equilibrium?

Answer 10

free energy -no
Ea- yes
equilibrium - no

Question 11

In the Arrhenius equationn if the Ea and T is increased what is affected?

Answer 11

Ea - k decrease

T - k increase

Question 12

What are the 6 enzymes classes and what type of reaction do they catalyse?

Answer 12

1) oxidoreductase - oxidation/reduction
2) transferase - transfer of functional groups
3) hydrolases - hydrolysis
4) lessees - non-hydrolytic group eliminations, form double bond or group additions to double bonds
5) isomerases - isomerisation
6) ligases - bond formation with ATP hydrolysis