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MSK Exam 1 > UE Osteology > Flashcards

UE Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the shoulder girdle?

A

Clavicle

Scapula

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2
Q

What does the clavicle articulate with?

A

Manubrium of the Sternum (Sternal end)

Acromion of the Scapula (Acromial end)

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3
Q

The body of the clavicle has a groove named for the muscle that attaches to it, which is the…

A

Subclavian m.

***Subclavian groove – on inferior surface of clavicle

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4
Q

What is on the sternal end of the clavicle?

A

Sternal Facet – articulates with Manubrium at the Clavicular Notch

Impression for the Costoclavicular L. – Small depression on inferior surface, attachment to Costoclavicular L. to 1st rib

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5
Q

What is located at the acromial end of the clavicle?

A

Acromial Facet – articulates with an Articular facet on the Acromion of the Scapula

Conoid Tubercle – Inferior surface, attachment point for Conoid L.

Trapezoid Line – Inferior surface, attachment point for Trapezoid L.

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6
Q

This bone is one of the most fractured bones due to direct and indirect injuries received by falling.

A

Clavicle

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7
Q

Clavicle fractures in younger children are often incomplete and referred to a __________ fracture.

A

Greenstick

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8
Q

What are the borders of the scapula?

A

Lateral (Axillary) Border
Medial (Vertebral) Border
Superior Border

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9
Q

What is on the superior border of the scapula?

A

Suprascapular Notch – transmits Suprascapular A. and N.

Coracoid Process – Anteriorly bent process, provides attachment for numerous muscles and ligaments

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10
Q

What are the angles of the scapula?

A
    • Superior angle (between superior and medial borders)
    • Inferior angle (between medial and lateral borders)
    • Lateral angle (between superior and lateral borders)
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11
Q

What lies in the lateral angle of the scapula?

A

Scapular Head

Scapular Neck

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12
Q

What makes up the Scapular Head?

A

– Glenoid Cavity – articular surface for Humeral head

– Supraglenoid Tubercle – superior to Glenoid Cavity, attachment point for Long Head of Biceps Brachii m.

– Infraglenoid Tubercle – triangular bump, inferior to Glenoid Cavity, attachment point for the Long Head of the Triceps Brachii m.

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13
Q

The posterior surface of the scapula is convex and contains what?

A

– Scapular spine – stretches from Medial Border to the Lateral Angle ending in the Acromion

– Greater Scapular Notch – short passage between the Lateral Border and the Lateral Attachment point of the Scapular Spine to the Posterior Surface

– Supraspinous Fossa – location of Supraspinatus m.

– Infraspinous Fossa – location of Infraspinatus m.

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14
Q

What is part of the Scapular Spine?

A

– Acromion – point of shoulder; has articular surface for clavicle

– Deltoid Tubercle – attachment point for the Deltoid m.

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15
Q

The Costal (Anterior) surface of the Scapula is smooth and concave and contains…

A

– Subscapular Fossa – location of Subscapularis m.

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16
Q

What does the humerus articulate with?

A

Proximally – Glenoid Cavity of Scapula

Distally – Ulna and Radius

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17
Q

What is at the proximal end of the Humerus?

A 
Humeral Head
Humeral Neck (Anatomical and Surgical) 
Greater Humeral Tubercle
Lesser Humeral Tubercle
Intertubercular Groove
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18
Q

This neck of the Humerus is between the Humeral Head and Humeral Tubercles. It is analogous to the Femoral Neck.

A

Anatomical Neck

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19
Q

This neck of the Humerus is between the proximal end of the Humerus and Shaft. It is the most commonly fractured site of the Humerus.

A

Surgical Neck

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20
Q

The Greater Tubercle of the Humerus is susceptible to avulsion by what?

A

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, and Teres Minor ms. that insert on it

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21
Q

What attaches onto the Greater Tubercle of the Humerus?

A

Supraspinatus m.
Infraspinatus m.
Teres Minor m.

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22
Q

What attaches onto the Lesser Tubercle of the Humerus?

A

Subscapularis m.

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23
Q

This component of the Humerus transmits the Long Head of the Biceps Brachii Tendon and provides attachments points for the Pectoralis Major m., Teres Major m., and Latissimus Dorsi m.

A

Intertubercular Groove

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24
Q

What is on the body (shaft) of the Humerus?

A

– Deltoid Tuberosity – insertion point for the Deltoid m.

– Groove for Radial N. – transmits Radial N. and Deep Brachial A.

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25
Q

What is located at the distal end of the Humerus?

A
    • Medial Supracondylar Ridge
    • Lateral Supracondylar Ridge
    • Lateral Humeral Epicondyle (origin for forearm extensor)
    • Medial Humeral Epicondyle (origin for forearm flexors)
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26
Q

This is located on the Medial Humeral Epicondyle and houses the Ulnar N. When compressed it is painful, creating the term “funny-bone” (humorous = funny).

A

Groove for Ulnar N.

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27
Q

Severe abduction of the extended elbow, an abnormal movement at this joint, can result in avulsion of what?

A

Medial Humeral Epicondyle

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28
Q

The ________ found on the Humerus articulates with the _______ _______ of the proximal Ulna.

A

Trochlea

Trochlear Notch

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29
Q

This is a smooth, rounded process on the Humerus that articulates with the concave Radial Head.

A

Capitulum

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30
Q

This is on the anterior Humerus and accommodates the Radial Head when the Antebrachium is flexed.

A

Radial Fossa

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31
Q

This is on the anterior Humerus and accommodates the Coronoid Process of the Ulna when the Antebrachium is flexed.

A

Coronoid Fossa

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32
Q

This is on the posterior Humerus and accommodates the Olecranon of the Ulna when the Antebrachium is extended.

A

Olecranon Fossa

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33
Q

This is the medial of the two Antebrachial bones.

A

Ulna

***Radius is lateral

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34
Q

The (PROXIMAL/DISTAL) end of the Ulna is larger.

A

Proximal

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35
Q

This part of the proximal Ulna provides level for extension of the Antebrachium. It is the point of the elbow.

A

Olecranon

36
Q

Fracture of the Olecranon, often referred to as “Fractured Elbow” is common in cases of falling, because of the forceful nature of the _______ _______ this is considered an avulsion fracture and is difficult to repair.

A

Triceps Brachii m.

37
Q

This part of the proximal Humerus projects anteriorly and contains the Radial Notch, which articulates with the Radial Head.

A

Coronoid Process

38
Q

This is formed by the Olecranon and Coronoid Processes, and grips the Humerus.

A

Trochlear Notch

39
Q

This component of the Humerus is anterior and distal to the Coronoid Process. It is the attachment point for the Brachialis m.

A

Ulnar Tuberosity

40
Q

This component of the Humerus is on the lateral side and distal to the Radial Notch. It is the attachment point for the Supinator M.

A

Supinator Crest

41
Q

The distal end of the Ulna is the Ulnar Head. It possesses the articular surface for the articular disc and the…

A

Ulnar Styloid Process

42
Q

T/F. The Ulna does not interact with the wrist bones.

A

True

43
Q

This part of the Radial Head articulates with the Capitulum of the Humerus.

A

Fovea of Radial Head

44
Q

The Radial Neck (just distal to the Radial Head) has a component that separates the proximal end of the Radius from the body. It’s also the attachment point for the Biceps Brachii Tendon.

A

Radial Tuberosity

45
Q

The distal end of the Radius articulates with what?

A

Ulna

Carpal bones

46
Q

This is the distal most point of the Radius, and is the lateral constraint to the Radiocarpal Joint.

A

Styloid Process of Radius

47
Q

What carpal bones does the Radial articular surface for carpal bones interact with?

A

Lunate

Scaphoid

48
Q

This part of the distal Radius acts as a pulley for the Extensor Pollicis Longus M.

A

Dorsal Tubercle

49
Q

Fractures of the distal end of the Radius (from breaking falls) are common and are referred to as _______ _______. The Styloid Process of the Ulna is often also avulsed in this situation.

A

Colle’s Fracture

*** “Dinner Fork” Deformity

50
Q

The carpal bones consist of 8 irregularly shaped bones. What are they?

A 
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum 
Pisiform 
Trapezium
Trapezoid 
Capitate 
Hamate

*** “Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle”

51
Q

What are the proximal carpal bones? Distal bones?

A

Proximal = Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform

Distal = Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

52
Q

This carpal bone articulates with the Radius proximally and the Trapezium and Trapezoid bones distally.

A

Scaphoid

53
Q

This is the most commonly fractured carpal bone, and is usually the result of trying to break a fall. The fracture is often not visible on a radiograph and therefore misdiagnosed as a severe sprain. The distal fragment of bone is susceptible to avascular necrosis since it is usually separated from its blood supply.

A

Scaphoid

54
Q

This carpal bone exists in the floor of the anatomical snuffbox.

A

Scaphoid

55
Q

This is a component of the Scaphoid that is a ligamentous attachment point.

A

Scaphoid Tubercle

56
Q

This carpal bone articulates with the Radius proximally, Scaphoid and Triquetrum on either side, and the Capitate and Hamate bones distally.

A

Lunate

57
Q

This carpal bone is three cornered. It articulates with the articular disc of the Radiocarpal Joint proximally, Lunate laterally, Pisiform anteriorly, and the Hamate distally.

A

Triquetrum

58
Q

This carpal bone articulates with the Triquetrum anteriorly.

A

Pisiform

59
Q

The passage anterior to the carpal bones and posterior to the Flexor Retinaculum is known as the _______ _______.

A

Carpal Tunnel

60
Q

What lies inside the Carpal Tunnel?

A

Flexor Digitorum Profundus M. Tendon
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis M. Tendon
Flexor Carpi Radialis M. Tendon
Median N.

61
Q

What causes Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

A

Swelling of the tendons occurs, causing the Median N. to be compressed which produces paresthesia, anesthesia, and pain.

62
Q

This carpal bone articulates with the Scaphoid proximally, Trapezoid medially, and 1st and 2nd Metacarpal bones distally.

A

Trapezium

***Has Tubercle of the Trapezium on anterior side

63
Q

This carpal bone articulates with the Scaphoid proximally, Trapezium and Capitate on either side, and the 2nd Metacarpal bone distally.

A

Trapezoid

64
Q

This is the largest carpal bone.

A

Capitate

65
Q

This carpal bone articulates with the Scaphoid and Lunate proximally, Trapezoid and Hamate on either side, and the 3rd and 4th Metacarpal bone distally.

A

Capitate

66
Q

This carpal bone articulates with the Triquetrum proximally, Capitate laterally, and the 4th and 5th Metacarpal bones distally.

A

Hamate

***Hook of Hamate extends anteriorly

67
Q

The depression between the Pisiform and Hamulus (Hook) of the Hamate is known as the Ulnar Canal or _______ _______. The Ulnar N. passes through this canal and is susceptible to compression, which manifests as a loss of sensation and muscular weakness.

A

Guyon Tunnel (Guyon Canal Syndrome)

***Often caused in bicycling

68
Q

Which metacarpal has a styloid process?

A

3rd (on posterior/lateral side)

69
Q

This metacarpal articulates with the Trapezium only.

A

1st (thumb)

70
Q

This metacarpal articulates with the Trapezium and Trapezoid.

A

2nd

71
Q

This metacarpal articulates with the Capitate only.

A

3rd

72
Q

This metacarpal articulates with the Capitate and Hamate.

A

4th

73
Q

This metacarpal articulates with the Hamate only.

A

5th (pinky)

74
Q

Each metacarpal has a base (proximal), body, and head (distal). The head of the 5th metacarpal is susceptible to fracture when an individual punches something with a closed fist. This condition is sometimes referred to as…

A

Boxer’s Fracture

***Happens when you punch incorrectly

75
Q

Which digit only has 2 phalanx, while the rest have 3?

A

1st (thumb)

76
Q

How are the proximal phalanges numbered?

A

1-5 (same as digits)

***Attached to metacarpals

77
Q

How are the middle (intermediate) phalanges numbered?

A

1-4 (starts with the index finger – thumb does not have middle phalanx)

78
Q

How are the distal phalanges numbered?

A

1-5 (same as digits)

79
Q

Remember for phalanges, the base is always (PROXIMAL/DISTAL), the body is in the middle, and the head is always (PROXIMAL/DISTAL).

A

Proximal

Distal

80
Q

Fractures of the distal phalanges are commonly the result of fingers being closed in a door, because of the intricate relationship between phalanges and _______ tendons bone fragments must be realigned carefully to maintain function.

A

Flexor

81
Q

This joint contains an Articular Disc (fibrocartilaginous disc in the joint space) and includes the Sternum and Clavicle.

A

Sternoclavicular Joint

82
Q

This joint contains and Articular Disc (fibrocartilaginous disc in the joint space) and includes the Acromion and Clavicle.

A

Acromioclavicular Joint

83
Q

This is a fibrocartilaginous ring that surrounds and deepens the Glenoid Cavity. It is commonly torn in individuals repeatedly throwing a ball, usually in response to a sudden contraction of the Biceps Brachii M. and occurs in the anterosuperior part.

A

Glenoid Labrum

84
Q

This joint has an Articular Disc that extends between the medial edge of the Ulnar Notch of the Radius and the Styloid Process of the Ulna, sometimes called the Triangular L.

A

Radioulnar Joint

85
Q

This joint articulates with the Styloid Process of the Radius and the Trapezium.

A

Radiocarpal Joint

MSK Exam 1 (20 decks)

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