Back Arthrology Flashcards
What are the joints in C1/C2?
Compound Synovial Joint (Planar and Trochoid/Pivot)
What are the joints in C3-S1?
Compound Joints (Symphysis and Planar Synovial)
This ligament travels on the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies.
Anterior Longitudinal L.
This is the term when there is hyperextension injury due to an automobile accident and results in excessive stretching and even tearing of the Anterior Longitudinal L. A recoil effect can often result in a hyper flexion injury as well.
Whiplash
The ________ ________ L. is important due to its possible splinting action that should be used whenever fracture of the vertebral column is suspect (except cervical fractures due to hyperextension). When a fractures of the vertebral column occurs, the patient should be kept in hyperextension at all times. The pull of the _________ _________ L. will help realign fragments of bone and keep further injury to spinal cord from occurring.
Anterior Longitudinal
Anterior Longitudinal
This ligament travels on the dorsal side of the vertebral bodies.
Posterior Longitudinal L.
This ligament consists of pale yellow fibers that travel on the ventral surfaces of the vertebral Laminae.
Ligamentum Flavum
What is the difference between intervertebral joins and zygapophyseal joints?
Intervertebral joints – Between vertebral bodies
Zygapophyseal joints – Between vertebral facets
This ligament travels between adjacent spinous processes.
Interspinous L.
This ligament travels between adjacent transverse processes.
Intertransverse L.
***Not well defined in cervical region, fibrous cords in thoracic, and thin membranes in lumbar.
This ligament travels on the dorsal surface of the vertebral spinous processes and continues as the Ligamentum Nuchae in the cervical region.
Supraspinous L.
What is in the Intervertebral Discs?
Annulus Fibrosis – Tough fibrous outer ring
Nucleus Pulposus – Soft gelatinous inner portion
Herniation of the Nucleus Pulposus through the Annulus Fibrosis is a common cause of low back and lower limb pain. Why is this?
Herniation usually occurs posterolaterally where the Annulus Fibrosis receives no support from the Anterior and Posterior Longitudinal Ligaments. Compresses nerves and causes pain.
Where is herniation most likely to occur?
L4/5 and L5/S1 because the discs are much larger and therefore more mobile.
Explain the 2nd number rule.
Cervical vertebrae have 8 cervical nerves and only 7 vertebrae, so they exit ABOVE their respective numbers. So if there is a bulge between C5 and C6, then the C6 nerve will be affected.
Lumbar vertebrae nerves will exit below their respective numbers. So that means if there is a bulge between L2 and L3, the L3 nerve is affected because the L2 nerve has already exited superiorly to the bulge.
Always the 2ND number that is affected
This is a condyloid synovial joint between the atlas and the basilar occipital bone.
Atlantooccipital Joint
This stretches from the anterior arch of the atlas to the basilar occipital bone.
Anterior Atlantooccipital Membrane
This stretches from the posterior surface of the body of the axis to the anterior internal margin of the Foramen magnum on the occipital bone.
Tectorial Membrane
This stretches from the anterior surface of the posterior arch of the atlas to the posterior internal margin of the Foramen magnum of the occipital bone.
Posterior Atlantooccipital Membrane
The Anterior Atlantooccipital Membrane is a continuation of what?
Anterior Longitudinal L.
The Tectorial Membrane is a continuation of what?
Posterior Longitudinal L.
The Posterior Atlantooccipital Membrane is a continuation of what?
Ligamentum Flavum
This is a Trochoid Synovial joint that lies between the anterior facet of the Dens of the Axis and the articular facet for the Dens on the Atlas.
Median Atlantoaxial Joint
What does the Cruciate L. consist of?
Superior Longitudinal Band
Transverse L. of the Atlas
Inferior Longitudinal Band
***Called “Cruciate” because it looks like a cross
This part of the Cruciate L. stretches from the occipital bone to the Transverse L.
Superior Longitudinal Band
This part of the Cruciate L. stretches from the Transverse L. to C2.
Inferior Longitudinal Band
This part of the Cruciate L. goes around the Odontoid Process, from Tubercle of the Transverse L. to the adjacent Tubercle of the Transverse L.
Transverse L.
What makes up the Atlantooccipital Joint?
Anterior Atlantooccipital Membrane
Tectorial Membrane
Posterior Atlantooccipital Membrane
What makes up the Median Atlantoaxial Joint?
Cruciate L.
Alar L.
Apical L. of the Dens
This part of the Median Atlantoaxial joint stretches from the Odontoid Process to the lateral margins of the Foramen Magnum.
Alar L.
This part of the Median Atlantoaxial joint stretches from the apex of the Dens to the anterior internal margin of the Foramen Magnum.
Apical L. of the Dens
This joint is Planar Synovial and lies between the Superior and Inferior Articulating processes of the Atlas and Axis.
Lateral Atlantoaxial Joint
At the cervical intervertebral joint the joint between the Uncinate Process of the inferior vertebra and beveled inferior surface of the superior vertebra is described as an __________ joint (of _______). It is unclear whether this joint should be classified as synovial.
Uncovertebral
Luschka
This is a compound joint (Symphysis and Planar Synovial) between L5 and the Sacrum.
Lumbosacral Joint
This part of the Lumbosacral Joint travels on the ventral surface of the vertebral bodies, onto the ventral surface of the Sacrum.
Anterior Longitudinal L.
This part of the Lumbosacral Joint travels on the dorsal surface of the vertebral bodies, onto the anterior wall of the Sacral Canal.
Posterior Longitudinal L.
This part of the Lumbosacral Joint consists of pale yellow fibers and travels on the ventral surfaces of the vertebral laminae, onto the posterior wall of the Sacral Canal.
Ligamentum Flavum
What is absent in the Lumbosacral Joint that was present in the other Vertebral Joints?
Interspinous L.
Intertransverse L.
Supraspinous L.
This part of the Lumbosacral Joint travels from the L5 Transverse Processes to the Iliac Crest.
Iliolumbar L.
This part of the Lumbosacral Joint travels from the L5 Transverse Processes and Body to the Sacral Ala.
Lumbosacral L.
