UE Arthrology Flashcards
This is a sellar synovial joint between the Clavicular Notch of the Manubrium and Sternal Facet on Sternal End of the Clavicle.
Sternoclavicular Joint
What are the components of the Sternoclavicular Joint?
- Articular capsule
- Articular Disc
- Costoclavicular L.
- Anterior Sternoclavicular L.
- Posterior Sternoclavicular L.
- Interclavicular L.
This ligament of the Sternoclavicular Joint stretches from the Sternal End of the Clavicle to the 1st rib.
Costoclavicular L.
This is a planar synovial joint that lies between the Acromial Facet on the Acromial End of the Clavicle and the Facet on the Acromion of the Scapula.
Acromioclavicular Joint
What are the components of the Acromioclavicular Joint?
- Articular capsule
- Articular disc
- Acromioclavicular L.
- Coracoclavicular L. (two ligaments make this up)
What makes up the Coracoclavicular L.?
Trapezoid L. (lateral)
Conoid L. (medial)
This is a nearly horizontal band from the Trapezoid Line of the Clavicle to the Coracoid Process.
Trapezoid L.
This is a vertical, inverted triangular band from the Conoid Tubercle of the Clavicle to the Coracoid Process.
Conoid L.
The Acromioclavicular Joint is susceptible to injury and separation, often referred to as ________ ________ and is capable of separating with or without rupture of the Coracoclavicular L.
“Shoulder Separation”
This is a spheroidal synovial joint between the Glenoid Cavity of the Scapular Head, which is deepened and supported by the Glenoid Labrum and the Head of the Humerus.
Glenohumeral Joint
What are the components of the Glenohumeral Joint?
- Glenoid Labrum
- Articular capsule (Fibrous capsule & synovial membrane)
- Glenohumeral L.
- Coracohumeral L.
- Transverse Humeral L.
- Coracoacromial Arch
In the Glenohumeral Joint articular capsule, the fibrous capsule is open in two spots for what?
- Allow passage of Long Head of the Biceps Tendon
- - Communication with the Subscapular Bursa
This part of the Glenohumeral Joint articular capsule lines the Fibrous Capsule, communicates with the Subscapular Bursa, forms a sheath around the Long Head of the Biceps Brachii Tendon in the Intertubercular Groove.
Synovial membrane
This lies between the Subscapularis Tendon and the Scapular Neck. Communicates with the Synovial Membrane of the Glenohumeral Joint.
Subscapular Bursa
This lies between the Deltoid M., Supraspinatus Tendon, and the Articular Capsule. This does not usually communicate with the Synovial Membrane (Glenohumeral Joint).
Subacromial Bursa
This extends from the Glenoid Labrum and Supraglenoid Tubercle to the Anatomical Humeral Neck blending with the Fibrous Capsule.
Glenohumeral L.
This extends from the base of the Coracoid Process to the anterior edge of the Greater Tubercle of the Humerus.
Coracohumeral L.
This is a broad band from the Greater Humeral Tubercle to the Lesser Humeral Tubercle spanning the Intertubercular Groove. It encapsulates the Long Head of the Biceps Brachii Tendon.
Transverse Humeral L.
This is an osseoligamentous arch preventing superior displacement of the Humerus from the Glenoid Cavity.
Coracoacromial Arch
***Arch includes Coracoacromial L., Acromion, and Coracoid Process
This is part of the Coracoacromial Arch and stretches from the Coracoid Process to the Acromion.
Coracoacromial L.
The Glenohumeral Joint is susceptible to dislocation due to its mobility and relative instability. Due to the presence of the ________ ________, dislocation of the Glenohumeral Joint most commonly occurs anteriorly or inferiorly.
Coracoacromial Arch
This is a hinge (ginglymus) synovial joint between the Humeral Condyle, the Trochlear Notch of the Ulna and the Head of the Radius.
Elbow
The Elbow joint includes what other components?
Articular capsule
Humeroulnar Joint
Humeroradial Joint
Bursae of Elbow Joint
This joint consists of the Trochlear Notch wrapping around the Humeral Trochlea.
Humeroulnar Joint
What is included in the Humeroulnar Joint?
Ulnar Collateral L. of the Elbow
***Medial
This ligament goes from the Medial Humeral Epicondyle to the Coronoid Process of the Ulna and Olecranon, and consists of three bands.
Ulnar Collateral L.
What are the bands of the Ulnar Collateral L.?
Anterior band (cord shaped, strongest) Posterior band (fan shaped, weakest) Oblique band (deepens socket for Humeral Trochlea)
This joint consists of the Humeral Capitulum articulating with the Fovea of the Radial Head.
Humeroradial Joint
What is included in the Humeroradial Joint?
Radial Collateral L. of the Elbow
***Lateral
This ligament is fan-shaped, and runs from the Lateral Humeral Epicondyle to the blend with the Annular L. of the Radial Head.
Radial Collateral L.
The elbow is capable of being dislocated posteriorly in response to force transmitted along the long axis of the forearm. This usually involves a tear in the…
Ulnar Collateral L.
This bursa has 3 groups, including Subtendinous, Intratendinous, and Subcutaneous.
Olecranon Bursae
This type of Olecranon Bursae is between the Triceps Brachii T. and Olecranon.
Subtendinous Olecranon Bursa
This type of Olecranon Bursae is inside the Triceps Brachii T.
Intratendinous Olecranon Bursa
This type of Olecranon Bursae is in the subcutaneous connective tissue over the Olecranon.
Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursa
What are the bursae involving the medial and lateral humeral epicondyles?
Subcutaneous Bursa of the Medial Humeral Epicondyle
Subcutaneous Bursa of the Lateral Humeral Epicondyle
***In the subcutaneous tissue over their respective epicondyles
This bursa is between the Lateral Humeral Epicondyle and the Anconeus M.
Bursa of the Anconeus
This bursa is between the Lateral Humeral Epicondyle and the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis M.
Bursa at origin of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
This bursa is between the Biceps Brachii T. and the Radial Tuberosity.
Bicipitoradial Bursa
What is the purpose of bursae?
To help cut down friction
Two of the more common Bursae to become inflamed are _______ _______ _______ and _________ _________.
Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursa
Bicipitoradial Bursa
Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursitis results from excessive friction between the skin and the Olecranon. It is sometimes called…
Student’s Elbow
Dart Thrower’s Elbow
Miner’s Elbow
The Radioulnar Joint has three different articulations between the Radius and the Ulna. These are…
Proximal Radioulnar Joint
Middle Radioulnar Joint
Distal Radioulnar Joint
The Proximal Radioulnar Joint is a trochoid, synovial joint. It is the primary site of _______ and _______.
Supination
Pronation
What are the components of the Proximal Radioulnar Joint?
– Articular capsule (Fibrous capsule and synovial membrane)
– Annular L.
The Synovial Membrane of the Proximal Radioulnar Join is continuous with the Synovial Membrane of the Elbow Joint, and lines the underside of the Annular L. and continues distally as the ________ ________.
Sacciform Recess
This is a small pocket of Synovial Membrane protruding out from under the Annular L.
Sacciform Recess
This ligament of the Proximal Radioulnar Joint stretches from the Coronoid Process of the Ulna around the Radial head to insert back on the Ulna, holding the Radial Head in the Radial Notch.
Annular L.
The Radial Head is capable of being dislocated out of the Annular L. to varying degrees, this injury typically occurs from pulling on the arm of a child, sometimes called…
Nursemaid’s Elbow
Pulled Elbow
The Middle Radioulnar Joint is a syndesmosis joint and has what components?
Oblique Cord
Interosseous Membrane
This component of the Middle Radioulnar Joint stretches between the Coronoid Process of the Ulna and the Radial Body.
Oblique Cord
This component of the Middle Radioulnar Joint is between the length of the Ulna and Radius, dividing the forearm into anterior and posterior compartments.
Interosseous Membrane
The _______ Radioulnar Joint is a trochoid synovial joint and is L-shaped. It lies between the Head of the Ulna and the Ulnar Notch of the Radius laterally and the Articular disc inferiorly.
Distal
The Distal Radioulnar Joint only has an Articular Capsule that surrounds it. It contains…
Fibrous Capsule
Synovial Membrane
Articular Disc
In the Distal Radioulnar Joint, this is a small pocket of Synovial Membrane protruding out from under the Fibrous Capsule.
Sacciform Recess
This joint is a condylar synovial joint between the Distal End of the Radius, plus the Articular Disc of the Distal Radioulnar Joint and the Scaphoid, Lunate and Triquetrum bones.
Radiocarpal (Wrist) Joint
What are the components of the Radiocarpal Joint?
Articular Capsule Articular Disc of the Distal Radioulnar Joint Palmar Radiocarpal L. Dorsal Radiocarpal L. Palmar Ulnocarpal L. Dorsal Ulnocarpal L. Radial Collateral L. of the Wrist Ulnar Collateral L. of the Wrist
This ligament of the Radiocarpal Joint has two bands: one from the Radius across the Scaphoid to the Lunate, and the other from the Radius to the Capitate.
Palmar Radiocarpal L.
This ligament of the Radiocarpal Joint has an oblique band from the Radius across the Lunate to the Triquetrum.
Dorsal Radiocarpal L.
This ligament of the Radiocarpal Joint has two bands: one from the Ulnar Head to the Lunate, and the other from the Ulnar Head to the Triquetrum.
Palmar Ulnocarpal L.
This ligament of the Radiocarpal Joint goes from the Ulnar Head to the Triquetrum.
Dorsal Ulnocarpal L.
This ligament of the Radiocarpal Joint goes from the Radial Styloid Process to the Scaphoid.
Radial Collateral L. of the Wrist
This ligament of the Radiocarpal Joint goes from the Ulnar Styloid Process to the Triquetrum via the Pisiform.
Ulnar Collateral L. of the Wrist
Intercarpal Joints are Planar Synovial and have multiple joints within in this group, which are…
Scapholunate Joint Lunotriquetrum Joint Pisotriquetrum Joint Pisohamate Joint Trapeziotrapezoid Joint Capitiohamate Joint Trapeziocapitate Joint
***Between each of the carpal bones – so remember the bones and you can figure it out!!!
What are the components of each intercarpal joint?
– Articular Capsule (Fibrous Capsule and Synovial Membrane) ***Not in 1st Carpometacarpal Joint
– Posterior Intercarpal L.
– Anterior Intercarpal L.
– Interosseous Intercarpal L.
This Intercarpal Joint is an articulation of the Pisiform with the anterior surface of the Triquetrum.
Pisiform Joint
The Pisiform Joint has this ligament, which is between the Pisiform and the Hook of the Hamate.
Pisohamate L.
This joint is Sellar Synovial and is between the Proximal and Distal Rows of Carpal bones.
Midcarpal Joint
What is the Articular Capsule of the Midcarpal Joint strengthened by?
Anteriorly and posteriorly by the Anterior and Posterior Intercarpal L.
Medially and Laterally by the Radial and Ulnar Collateral L. of the Wrist
This Carpometacarpal Joint is a sellar synovial joint that stretches from the Trapezium to the 1st Metacarpal.
1st Carpometacarpal Joint
What are the components of the 1st Carpometacarpal Joint?
- Articular Capsule (Fibrous Capsule and Synovial Membrane)
- Palmar Carpometacarpal L.
- Dorsal Carpometacarpal L.
This Carpometacarpal Joint is a planar synovial joint that stretches the Distal Carpal Row to the 2nd-5th Metacarpals.
2nd-5th Carpometacarpal Joints
What are the components of the 2nd-5th Carpometacarpal Joints?
- Articular Capsule (Fibrous Capsule and Synovial Membrane)
- Palmar Carpometacarpal L.
- Dorsal Carpometacarpal L.
- Pisometacarpal L.
- Radiate Carpal L.
This component of the 2nd-5th Carpometacarpal Joint is associated with the 5th metacarpal. In junction with the Pisohamate L., they are the continuation of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon.
Pisometacarpal L.
This component of the 2nd-5th Carpometacarpal Joint is from the Capitate to the bases of the Metacarpal bones.
Radiate Carpal L.
These joints are planar synovial and lie between each of the metacarpals.
Intermetacarpal Joints (4 of them)
What are the components of the Intermetacarpal Joints?
– Articular Capsule (Fibrous Capsule and Synovial Membrane)
– Dorsal Intermetacarpal L.
– Palmar Intermetacarpal L.
– Interosseous Intermetacarpal L. (inside joint spaces between bases of Metacarpal bones)
These joints are condylar synovial joints, and are between each metacarpal and phalanx.
Metacarpophalangeal Joints (5 of them)
What are the components of the Metacarpophalangeal Joints?
– Articular Capsule (Fibrous Capsule and Synovial Membrane)
– Palmar L. (or Plate)
– Medial Collateral L.
– Lateral Collateral L.
– Deep Transverse Metacarpal L.
This ligament of the Metacarpophalangeal Joints is a thickened anterior aspect of the Articular Capsule and the attachment point for the fan-shaped part of the Collateral L.
Palmar L.
This ligament of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint blends with the Digital Sheath providing a longitudinal groove for the Flexor tendons to glide and stay over the center of the joint.
Palmar L.
This ligament of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint is at the medial side of the joint and possesses a cord-shaped part running proximal to distal and a fan-shaped part traveling anteriorly to insert onto the Palmar L.
Medial Collateral L.
This ligament of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint is at the lateral side of the joint and possesses a cord-shaped part running proximal to distal and a fan-shaped part traveling anteriorly to insert onto the Palmar L.
Lateral Collateral L.
This ligament of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint has transverse fibers joining the Palmar L. of the medial four Metacarpophalangeal Joints.
Deep Transverse Metacarpal L.
Sprain of the Lateral Collateral L. and even avulsion of the lateral part of the Proximal Phalanx of the Thumb is an injury common to individuals who do what? What is it called?
Ride a mechanical bull
Called “Bull Rider’s Thumb”
Laxity or rupture of both collateral ligaments of the 1st Metacarpophalangeal Joint results in a hyperabduction of that joint and is referred to as…
Skier’s Thumb
Game-keeper’s Thumb
The 1st Interphalangeal Joint is a ginglymus synovial joint, and has what components?
- Articular Capsule
- Palmar L.
- Medial Collateral L.
- Lateral Collateral L.
Work exactly the same as the Metacarpophalangeal Joints
The Proximal Interphalangeal Joints are ginglymus synovial joints that lie between the proximal and intermediate phalanges of which digits?
2nd-5th
How are the Proximal Interphalangeal Joints numbered?
1st-4th with 1st being the index finger and 4th being the pinky
The Proximal Interphalangeal Joints are ginglymus synovial joints and have what components?
- Articular Capsule
- Palmar L.
- Medial Collateral L.
- Lateral Collateral L.
***Work the same as the others
The Distal Interphalangeal Joints are ginglymus synovial joints that lie between the intermediate and distal phalanges of which digits?
2nd-5th
How are the Distal Interphalangeal Joints numbered?
2nd-5th with 2nd being the index finger and 5th being the pinky
The Distal Interphalangeal Joints are ginglymus synovial joints and have what components?
- Articular Capsule
- Palmar L.
- Medial Collateral L.
- Lateral Collateral L.
***Work the same as the others
Sudden hyperflexion of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint can avulse the attachment of the long extensor tendon with that tendon away from the Distal Phalanx, a condition known as…
Mallet Finger
Baseball Finger
Review movements of Upper Extremity – Page 8 Note Packet
Review 5 minutes!
List the fascia of the shoulder and axilla.
- Pectoral fascia
- Axillary fascia
- Clavipectoral fascia
- Deltoid fascia
- Supraspinous fascia
- Infraspinous fascia
This fascia invests the Pectoralis Major M. and is continuous superiorly with the Deltoid Fascia, laterally with the Axillary Fascia, and inferiorly with the Abdominal Deep Fascia.
Pectoral Fascia
This fascia is on the floor of the axilla, and continuous medially with the Pectoral Fascia and inferiorly with the Clavipectoral Fascia.
Axillary Fascia
This fascia is deep to the Pectoral Fascia and the Pectoralis Major M., it extends inferiorly from the Clavicle to invest the Subclavius and Pectoralis Minor M. before blending with Axillary Fascia.
Clavipectoral Fascia
This Clavipectoral Fascia has two components, which are…
- Costocoracoid Membrane
- - Suspensory L. of the Axilla
This component of the Clavipectoral Fascia is the Clavipectoral Fascia between the Subclavius M. and the Pectoralis Minor M.
Costocoracoid Membrane
This component of the Clavipectoral Fascia is the Clavipectoral Fascia between the Pectoralis Minor M. and the Axillary Fascia, and forms the Axillary Fossa.
Suspensory L. of the Axilla
This fascia covers the Deltoid M. and is continuous anteriorly with the Pectoral Fascia and posteriorly with the Infraspinous Fossa.
Deltoid Fascia
These fascia are extremely dense and overly the Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus Ms. respectively.
Supraspinous Fascia
Infraspinous Fascia
This fascia of the brachium is continuous superiorly with Pectoral, Deltoid, Infraspinous and Axillary Fascia. It’s continuous inferiorly with Antebrachial Fascia and covers the musculature of the Brachium.
Brachial Fascia
This fascia of the brachium extends from the deep surface of Brachial Fascia to the Humerus, distally to the Medial Supraepicondylar Ridge, in conjunction with the Lateral Intermuscular Septum it separates the Brachium into an Anterior (Flexor) and Posterior (Extensor) compartment.
Medial Intermuscular Septum
This fascia of the brachium extends from the deep surface of the Brachial Fascia to the Humerus, and distally to the Lateral Supraepicondylar Ridge.
Lateral Intermuscular Septum
This fascia is continuous superiorly with the Brachial Fascia and utilizes the Interosseous Membrane to divide the Antebrachium into an Anterior (Flexor) and Posterior (Extensor) compartment.
Antebrachial Fascia
What are the components of the Antebrachial Fascia?
Interosseous Membrane
Extensor Retinaculum
Palmar Carpal L.
Flexor Retinaculum (Transverse Carpal L.)
This part of the Antebrachial Fascia extends between the bodies for the Ulna and Radius forming the Intermediate Radioulnar Joint.
Interosseous Membrane
This part of the Antebrachial Fascia is a transverse focal thickening of Antebrachial Fascia and holds the Extensor tendons in position.
Extensor Retinaculum
These surround the long extensor tendons of the Forearm as they pass under the Extensor Retinaculum to reduce friction.
Synovial Tendon Sheaths
This is the corresponding anterior transverse focal thickening of Antebrachial Fascia. It is continuous with the Extensor Retinaculum.
Palmar Carpal L.
This is deep and distal to the Palmar Carpal L. and is a fibrous band extending form the Tubercles of the Scaphoid and Trapezium across the Carpal Arch to the Hook of the Hamate and Pisiform, forming the Carpal Tunnel.
Flexor Retinaculum (Transverse Carpal L.)
***Grouped with Antebrachial Fascia, but is NOT MADE OF FASCIA. It has its own group of tissue.
This is one long synovial sheath surrounding the long tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis and Profundus Ms. to reduce friction under the Flexor Retinaculum.
Common Flexor Sheath
Irritation of the Synovial Sheaths can cause an accumulation of mucopolysaccharide fluid that can form a usually painless lump known as a Synovial, or _______ ______. Infections of the Synovial Sheath can cause swelling in very specific and characteristic configurations that follow the shapes of these sheaths.
Ganglion cyst
This is in the hand and is continuous proximally with Antebrachial Fascia.
Palmar Fascia
This is a thickened central region of Palmar Fascia, continuous proximally with the Palmaris Longus Tendon.
Palmar Aponeurosis
What are the components of the Palmar Aponeurosis?
Superficial Transverse Metacarpal L.
Retinacula Cutis
Medial Fibrous Septum
Lateral Fibrous Septum
This ligament is at the base of the Palmar Aponeurosis.
Superficial Transverse Metacarpal L.
These are numerous small ligaments that extend from the Palmar Aponeurosis to the skin, restricting Palmar skin movement.
Retinacula Cutis
This extends dorsally to the 5th Metacarpal, and separates the Hypothenar Compartment from the Central Compartment.
Medial Fibrous Septum
This extends dorsally to the 3rd Metacarpal and separates the Thenar Compartment from the Central Compartment.
Lateral Fibrous Septum
This is a disease resulting in the shortening, thickening and fibrosis of the Palmar Aponeurosis and Palmar Fascia, which results in partial flexion of the 4th and 5th Digits.
Dupuytren Contracture
This fascia is deep to subcutaneous fat on the Dorsum of the Hand.
Dorsal Fascia
These are distal extensions from the Palmar Aponeurosis that consist of fibrous tubes that enclose the Synovial Sheaths of the long flexor tendons, arranged into altering annular and cruciform segments.
Fibrous Digital Sheaths
These are for the individual Digits that surround the long tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis and Profundus Ms. Held firmly in place by the Fibrous Digital Sheaths.
Digital Synovial Sheaths
What are the compartments of the hand?
– Hypothenar Compartment (contains Hypothenar muscles)
– Central Compartment
– Thenar Compartment (contains Thenar muscles)
– Adductor Compartment
– Interosseous Compartment
This compartment of the hand contains the Flexor tendons, the Lumbrical muscles, Superficial Palmar Arterial Arch, Digital Vessels and Digital nerves.
Central Compartment
This compartment of the hand contains the Adductor Pollicis M.
Adductor Compartment
This compartment of the hand is between the Metacarpal bones and contains the Interossei muscles.
Interosseous Compartment
