Intro to ANS

Question 1

(SYMPATHETIC/PARASYMPATHETIC) innervation is catabolic and includes “fight or flight”.

Answer 1

Sympathetic

Question 2

(SYMPATHETIC/PARASYMPATHETIC) innervation is anabolic and includes normal function and energy conservation.

Answer 2

Parasympathetic

Question 3

Where does the Parasympathetic Nervous System distribute?

Answer 3

Head, Neck, and Trunk Viscera (never in body wall or extremities)

Question 4

Where does the Sympathetic Nervous System distribute?

Answer 4

All vascular areas of the body

Question 5

Glandular secretion is stimulated by the (SYMPATHETIC/PARASYMPATHETIC) nervous system (except Sweat Glands).

Answer 5

Parasympathetic

Question 6

Sympathetic nervous system can indirectly decrease non-Sweat Glandular secretion through __________.

Answer 6

Vasoconstriction

Question 7

Vasoconstriction is Sympathetically stimulated, except in the…

Answer 7

Coronary As.

Question 8

What is the other name for Sympathetic division?

Answer 8

Thoracolumbar

Question 9

What is the other name for Parasympathetic division?

Answer 9

Craniosacral

Question 10

Where does Sympathetic visceral distribution run to?

Answer 10

To visceral structures (aka organs)

Question 11

Where does Sympathetic parietal distribution run to?

Answer 11

To smooth muscle of skin and blood vessels

Sweat Glands

Question 12

Sympathetic Presynaptic fibers are (SHORT/LONG) and their cell bodies exist in the…

Answer 12

Short
Lateral Horn of Spinal Cord

***Same for Visceral and Parietal distribution

Question 13

Sympathetic Presynaptic fibers always travel in the (ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR) Root and travels into the (ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR) Ramus.

Answer 13

Anterior
Anterior

***Same for Visceral and Parietal distribution

Question 14

After the Sympathetic Presynaptic fiber quickly exits the Anterior Ramus via the _______ _______, then it enters the ________ ________.

Answer 14

White Ramus Communicans
Paravertebral Ganglia

***Same for Visceral and Parietal distribution

Question 15

Explain the 3 options that a Sympathetic Visceral Presynaptic fiber could take.

Answer 15

1) Presynaptic fiber enters Paravertebral Ganglion and synapses onto Postsynaptic neuron in same spinal level
2) Presynaptic fiber enters Paravertebral Ganglion and ascends or descends to another spinal level’s Paravertebral Ganglion then synapses with Postsynaptic neuron
3) Presynaptic fiber enters Paravertebral Ganglion, does not synapse, and continues out to a Prevertebral Ganglion via a Splanchnic Nerve where it synapses with Postsynaptic neuron.

Question 16

In Sympathic Visceral distribution, the Postsynaptic fibers are (SHORT/LONG) and their cells bodies exist in the Paravertebral or Prevertebral Ganglia.

Answer 16

Long

Question 17

What type of ganglia form the Sympathetic Trunks on either side of the Vertebral Column?

Answer 17

Paravertebral Ganglia

Question 18

What are the types of Prevertebral Ganglion?

Answer 18

Celiac Ganglion
Superior Mesenteric Ganglion
Aorticorenal Ganglion
Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion

Question 19

For Sympathetic Parietal distribution, explain the synaptic options that it can take.

Answer 19

1) Trunk Distribution – Presynaptic fibers enter Paravertebral Ganglion and synapse onto Postsynaptic neuron at same spinal level
2) Head, Neck, and UE Distribution – Presynaptic fibers enter Paravertebral Ganglion then ascend to synapse on Postsynaptic neurons in Cervical Sympathetic Trunk (Paravertebral Ganglion)
3) Perineum and LE Distribution – Presynaptic fibers enter Paravertebral Ganglion then descend to synapse on Postsynaptic neurons in Abdominal and Sacral Sympathetic Trunks (Paravertebral Ganglion)

Question 20

Why does the Thoracic area of the spinal cord the only area to send out Presynaptic fibers?

Answer 20

It is the only area of the spinal cord with Lateral Horns in the Spinal Cord (uppermost Lumbar can too, but usually won’t see that)

Question 21

In Sympathetic Parietal distribution, the Postsynaptic fibers are (SHORT/LONG) and their cells bodies exist in the Paravertebral Ganglion.

Answer 21

Long

Question 22

In Sympathetic Parietal distribution, the Postsynaptic fibers exit the Paravertebral Ganglion via the ________ _______ ________ and goes back into the Somatic Nerve.

Answer 22

Gray Rami Communicantes

Question 23

What path does the Postsynaptic fibers take for Trunk distribution of the back?

Answer 23

Postsynaptic fibers follow the Posterior Rami of spinal nerves to innervate smooth muscle and sweat glands of the back

Question 24

What path does the Postsynaptic fibers take for Trunk distribution of the anterior and lateral trunk?

Answer 24

Postsynaptic fibers follow the Anterior Rami of spinal nerves, which for the trunk are Intercostal, Thoracoabdominal, and Subcostal Ns.

These nerves go on to innervate smooth muscle and sweat glands of the Thoracic and Abdominal body wall.

Question 25

What path does the Postsynaptic fibers take for Head, Neck, and UE distribution to the head and face?

Answer 25

Postsynaptic fibers follow Carotid Ns. and enter the Carotid Periarterial Plexus to innervate smooth muscle and sweat glands of the head and face.

Question 26

What path does the Postsynaptic fibers take for Head, Neck, and UE distribution to the posterior neck?

Answer 26

Postsynaptic fibers follow Posterior Rami, such as Suboccipital N., Greater Occipital N., and Least Occipital N. to innervate the smooth muscle and sweat glands of the posterior neck.

Question 27

What path does the Postsynaptic fibers take for Head, Neck, and UE distribution for the anterior neck and UE?

Answer 27

Postsynaptic fibers follow the Anterior Rami, which for anterior neck make up the Cervical Plexus and for the UE make up the Brachial Plexus to innervate the smooth muscle and sweat glands of anterior neck and UE.

Question 28

What path does the Postsynaptic fibers take for Perineum and LE distribution to the buttocks?

Answer 28

Postsynaptic fibers follow the Posterior Rami called Cluneal Ns. to innervate the smooth muscle and sweat glands of the buttocks.

Question 29

What path does the Postsynaptic fibers take for Perineum and LE distribution?

Answer 29

Postsynaptic fibers follow the Anterior Rami which make up the Lumbar and Sacral Plexuses to innervate smooth muscle and sweat glands of the perineum and LE.

Question 30

For the Parasympathetic Nervous System, the Presynaptic fibers are (SHORT/LONG) and Postsynaptic fibers are (SHORT/LONG).

Answer 30

Long | Short

Question 31

Where do the Parasympathetic Presynaptic fiber cell bodies lie?

Answer 31

Brain stem -- exits as Cranial Nerves (III, VII, IX, X) | Sacral spinal levels -- exits as Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves

Question 32

Parasympathetic Postsynaptic fibers are usually short, are near the...

Answer 32

Ganglion or Target organ ***Their nuclei are in four specific ganglion or in the target organ

Question 33

What are the four specific Cranial Ganglia that Parasympathetic Postsynaptic fibers are involved with?

Answer 33

Ciliary Ganglion Pterygopalatine Ganglion Submandibular Ganglion Otic Ganglion

Question 34

This type of plexuses are typically mixed Sympathetic and Parasympathetic plexuses that travel on the vasculature to carry the Postsynaptic (for sympathetic) and Presynaptic (for parasympathetic) to the target organs.

Answer 34

Autonomic Plexuses