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MSK Exam 1 > Back Myology > Flashcards

Back Myology Flashcards

1
Q

The 3 superficial layers of the back are extrinsic and innervated by…

A

Anterior rami or cranial nerves

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2
Q

The 3 deep layers of the back are intrinsic and innervated by…

A

Posterior rami

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3
Q

What is in the first muscle layer of the back?

A

Trapezius m.

Latissimus dorsi m.

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4
Q

What are the actions of the whole Trapezius m.?

A
    • Rotation of point of shoulder (glenoid cavity)
    • Retract scapula
    • Rotate scapula
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5
Q

What are the actions of the upper fibers of the Trapezius m.?

A

– Elevate scapula

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6
Q

What are the actions of the lower fibers of the Trapezius m.?

A

– Depress scapula

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7
Q

What are the actions of the Trapezius m. when the scapula is fixed?

A
    • Extend neck (bilaterally)
    • Laterally flex neck (unilaterally)
    • Rotate face away (unilaterally)
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8
Q

What is the innervation of the Trapezius m.?

A 
Motor = Spinal accessory N. (CN XI) 
Sensory = C3, 4
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9
Q

What is the origin of the Trapezius m.?

A
    • Medial 1/3 of the superior nuchal line
    • External occipital protuberance
    • Nuchal line
    • Spinous processes of C7-T12
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10
Q

What is the insertion of the Trapezius m.?

A
    • Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
    • Acromion
    • Scapular spine
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11
Q

What is the origin of the Latissimus Dorsi m.?

A
    • Spinous processes of T6-L5
    • Ribs 9-12
    • Iliac crest
    • Median sacral crest via thoracolumbar fascia
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12
Q

What is the insertion of the Latissimus Dorsi m.?

A

Floor of humeral intertubercular groove

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13
Q

What are the actions of the Latissimus Dorsi m.?

A
    • Extend humerus
    • Adduct humerus
    • Medially rotate humerus
    • Rotate point of shoulder down (glenoid cavity)
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14
Q

What innervates the Latissimus Dorsi m.?

A

Thoracodorsal n. (C6-8)

***Also supplied by Thoracodorsal artery

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15
Q

What is the 2nd layer of the back muscles?

A

Rhomboid major m.
Rhomboid minor m.
Levator scapulae m.

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16
Q

What is the origin of the rhomboid major m.?

A

Spinous processes of T2-T5

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17
Q

What is the insertion of the rhomboid major m.?

A

Medial border of scapula (inferior to scapular spine)

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18
Q

What are the actions of the rhomboid major m. and rhomboid minor m.?

A
    • Retract scapula
    • Elevate scapula
    • Rotate point of shoulder down (glenoid cavity)
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19
Q

What is the origin of the rhomboid minor m.?

A

Spinous processes of C7-T1

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20
Q

What is the insertion of the rhomboid minor m.?

A

Medial border of the scapula (at scapular spine)

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21
Q

What is the origin of the Levator Scapulae m.?

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes C1-4

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22
Q

What is the insertion of the Levator Scapulae m.?

A

Medial border of the scapula (superior to scapular spine)

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23
Q

What actions does the Levator Scapulae m. perform?

A
    • Retract scapula
    • Elevate scapula
    • Rotate point of shoulder down (glenoid cavity)

***Same as rhomboids

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24
Q

What actions does the Levator Scapulae m. do when the scapula is fixed?

A
    • Extend neck (bilaterally)

- - Laterally flex neck (unilaterally)

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25
Q

What innervates the 2nd layer of back muscles?

A

Dorsal scapular N. (C4-5)

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26
Q

What is part of the 3rd layer of back muscles?

A

Serratus Posterior Superior m.

Serratus Posterior Inferior m.

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27
Q

What is the origin of the Serratus Posterior Superior m.?

A
    • Nuchal L.

- - Spinous Processes C7-T3

28
Q

What is the insertion of the Serratus Posterior Superior m.?

A

Superior surfaces of Ribs 2-4

29
Q

What are the actions of the Serratus Posterior Superior m.?

A

Elevate ribs with forced inspiration (proprioceptive)

30
Q

What is the origin of the Serratus Posterior Inferior m.?

A

Spinous Processes T11-L2

31
Q

What is the insertion of the Serratus Posterior Inferior m.?

A

Inferior surface of Ribs 8-12

32
Q

What are the actions of the Serratus Posterior Inferior m.?

A

Depress ribs with forced expiration (proprioceptive)

33
Q

What innervates the Serratus Posterior Superior m.?

A

Intercostal N. (2-5)

34
Q

What innervates the Serratus Posterior Inferior m.?

A

Anterior Rami T9-12

35
Q

What is in the 4th layer of back muscles?

A

Splenius Capitis m.

Splenius Cervicis m.

36
Q

What is the origin of the Splenius Capitis m.?

A
    • Lower 1/2 of nuchal l.

- - Spinous processes C7-T3/T4

37
Q

What is insertion of the Splenius Capitis m.?

A
    • Mastoid process of Temporal B.
    • Lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line
    • Occipital B.
38
Q

What are the actions of the Splenius Capitis m. and Splenius Cervicis m.?

A
    • Extend neck
    • Laterally flex neck
    • Rotate face toward muscle
39
Q

What is the origin of the Splenius Cervicis m.?

A

Spinous processes T3-T6

40
Q

What is the insertion of the Splenius Cervicis m.?

A

Transverse processes C1-C3/C4

41
Q

What innervates layer 4 of the back muscles?

A

Posterior Rami (C3-5 for capitis, C5-7 for cervicis)

42
Q

What is part of the 5th muscle layer in the back?

A

Erector Spinae Group

43
Q

What actions do the Erector Spinae group perform?

A
    • Maintain erect posture
    • Extend vertebral column
    • Extend head
    • Laterally flex vertebral column

***Longissimus capitis can also rotate face toward muscle

44
Q

What is the most lateral of the erector spinae group? What are its parts?

A

Iliocostalis m.
Iliocostalis Lumborum m.
Iliocostalis Thoracis m.
Iliocostalis Cervicis m.

***ONLY one with a Lumborum section

45
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the Iliocostalis group of muscles?

A

Lumborum – Goes from Iliac/Sacral crests to the ribs

Thoracis – Goes from Ribs to Ribs and C7

Cervicis – Goes from Ribs to Posterior tubercles of C4-6

46
Q

What is the intermediate part of the Erector Spinae group? What are its parts?

A

Longissimus m.
Longissimus thoracis m.
Longissimus cervicis m.
Longissimus capitis m.

47
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the Longissimus group of muscles?

A

Thoracis – Lumbar vert. and sacral/iliac crests to Ribs

Cervicis – Thoracic vert. to Cervical vert.

Capitis – Thoracic and Cervical vert. to Mastoid process

48
Q

What is most medial part of the Erector Spinae group? What are its parts?

A

Spinalis m.
Spinalis Thoracis m.
Spinalis Cervicis m.
Spinalis Capitis m.

***Cervicis and Capitis are usually absent, will not see in Lab

49
Q

What are the origin and insertion for the Spinalis group of muscles?

A

Thoracis – Spinous processes T11-L2 to T1-T4

Cervicis – Spinous processes T1-6 to C2 (3,4)

Capitis – Usually blended with Semispinalis Capitis m.

50
Q

A back (STRAIN/SPRAIN) is an injury to the ligamentous attachments between bone, usually the result of inadequate stretching before activity.

A

Sprain

51
Q

A back (STRAIN/SPRAIN) involves excessive stretching and sometimes tearing of muscle fibers produced by an overly strong muscular contraction. Tissue will spasm, or involuntarily contract in response to injury and inflammation as a protective measure.

A

Strain

52
Q

What is in the 6th layer of back muscles?

A

Transversospinalis group

53
Q

What innervates the 5th layer of back muscles?

A

Posterior Rami

54
Q

What are the actions of the Transversospinalis group?

A
    • Extend spine
    • Rotate spine away (from muscle)

***Only difference is Semispinalis capitis which extends HEAD and rotates FACE away from muscle

55
Q

What innervates the Transversospinalis group?

A

Posterior rami

56
Q

What are the origin and insertion for the Transversospinalis group?

A

Run from Transverse processes to Spinous processes on different vertebrae

***Except Semispinalis capitis which inserts b/w superior and inferior nuchal line

57
Q

What are the parts of the Transversospinalis group? How many spinal segments do each stretch?

A
    • Semispinalis group (extend 5 or more segments)
    • Multifidus m. (extend 3 or 4 segments)
    • Rotatores longus m. (extend 2 segments)
    • Rotatores brevis m. (extend 1 segment)
58
Q

What is in the Semispinalis group?

A

Semispinalis Thoracis m.
Semispinalis Cervicis m.
Semispinalis Capitis m. (Spinalis capitis blends with this)

59
Q

These muscles stretch from one spinous process to the adjacent spinous process and extend the spine.

A

Interspinalis m.

60
Q

These muscles stretch from one transverse process to the adjacent transverse process and laterally flex spine.

A

Intertransversarii m.

***Has an anterior and posterior portion. Anterior is innervated by Anterior Rami, posterior is Posterior Rami

61
Q

This muscle stretches from transverse processes C7-T11 to the 2nd rib inferior to the origin. Elevates ribs.

A

Levator Costarum Longus m.

62
Q

This muscle stretches from transverse processes C7-T11 to the adjacent rib inferior to origin. Elevates ribs.

A

Levator Costarum Brevis m.

63
Q

What makes up the suboccipital region?

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor m.
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major m.
Obliquus Capitis Superior m.
Obliquus Capitis Inferior m.

64
Q

What are the actions of the sub occipital muscles?

A
    • Extend head

- - Rotate face toward muscle

65
Q

What innervates the sub occipital muscles?

A

Suboccipital n.

66
Q

What are the boundaries of the sub occipital triangle?

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major m. – Medial border
Obliquus Capitis Superior m. – Lateral border
Obliquus Capitis Inferior m. – Inferior border

67
Q

What is contained inside the sub occipital triangle?

A

Vertebral a. (travels through floor of triangle)

Suboccipital n. (posterior ramus of 1st cervical spine n.)

MSK Exam 1 (20 decks)

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