UE Myology Flashcards
1
Q
What are the Thoracoappendicular (Anterior Axioappendicular) Muscles?
A
Pectoralis Major M.
Pectoralis Minor M.
Subclavius M.
Serratus Anterior M.
2
Q
What innervates the Pectoralis Major M.?
A
Lateral and Medial Pectoral N.
3
Q
What innervates the Pectoralis Minor M.?
A
Medial Pectoral N.
***Pierces the muscle!
4
Q
What innervates the Subclavius M.?
A
Subclavian N.
5
Q
What innervates the Serratus Anterior M.?
A
Long Thoracic N.
6
Q
Which of the Pectoralis Ms. inserts on the Intertubercular Groove of the Humerus and which one inserts on the Coracoid Process of the Scapula?
A
Pectoralis Major M.
Pectoralis Minor M.
7
Q
What is the action of the Pectoralis Minor M.?
A
Stabilizes Scapula by protracting and depressing it against the Thoracic wall
8
Q
What is the action of the Subclavius M.?
A
Positions and depresses the Clavicle
9
Q
This muscle protracts the Scapula, thereby stabilizing it against the Thoracic Wall, and rotates the Glenoid Cavity superiorly. Paralysis of this muscle, usually as a result to the Long Thoracic N., results in “Winging” of the Scapula away from the Thoracic Wall. This makes abducting the upper limb beyond the horizontal position difficult.
A
Serratus Anterior M.
10
Q
What are the Posterior Axioappendicular Muscles?
A
Trapezius M. Latissimus Dorsi M. Rhomboid Major M. Rhomboid Minor M. Levator Scapulae M.
11
Q
What are the Scapulohumeral Muscles?
A
Deltoid M. Subscapularis M. Supraspinatus M. Infraspinatus M. Teres Minor M. Teres Major M.
12
Q
What are the muscles of the rotator cuff?
A
Supraspinatus M.
Infraspinatus M.
Teres Minor M.
Subscapularis M.
***SITS
13
Q
What are the actions of each part of the Deltoid M.?
A
Anterior part – Flex and Medially Rotate the Humerus
Middle part – Abduct the Humerus
Posterior part – Extend and Laterally Rotate the Humerus
14
Q
What innervates the Deltoid M.?
A
Axillary N.
15
Q
Where do the rotator cuff muscles insert on the Humerus?
A
Subscapularis M. – Lesser tubercle of Humerus
Supraspinatus M.
Infraspinatus M. — All on Greater tubercle of Humerus
Teres Minor M.
16
Q
What innervates the Subscapularis M.?
A
Superior Subscapular N.
Inferior Subscapular N.
17
Q
What innervates the Supraspinatus M.?
A
Suprascapular N.
18
Q
What innervates the Infraspinatus M.?
A
Suprascapular N.
19
Q
What innervates the Teres Minor M.?
A
Axillary N.
20
Q
What innervates the Teres Major M.?
A
Inferior Subscapular N.
21
Q
What action does all the rotator cuff muscles do?
A
Hold the Humeral Head in the Glenoid Cavity
22
Q
The Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, and Subscapularis Ms. are collectively referred to as the Rotator Cuff muscles and off stability to the Glenohumeral Joint. Trauma can injure or tear any of the Rotator Cuff muscles resulting in instability of the Glenohumeral Joint. The ___________ is the most commonly injured.
A
Supraspinatus M.
23
Q
What are the muscles of the anterior Brachial compartment?
A
Biceps Brachii M.
Coracobrachialis M.
Brachialis M.
24
Q
What are the heads of the Biceps Brachii M.?
A
Long Head (more lateral) Short head (more medial)
25
Where does the Long Head of the Biceps Brachii M. originate? The Short Head?
Supraglenoid Tubercle of the Scapula (Long head)
Coracoid Process of the Scapula (Short head)
26
This is the only muscle of the anterior Brachial compartment that does not pass the Elbow Joint, thus not creating any actions on the forearm.
Coracobrachialis M.
27
What nerve innervates all the muscles of the anterior Brachial compartment?
Musculocutaneous N.
28
Striking the thumb placed over the Bicipital Tendon with a reflex hammer should produce a Bicipital Myotactic Reflex, failure of the tendon to tighten up and the Forearm to flex slightly could suggest injury to what?
Musculocutaneous N. or C5 and C6 Anterior Rami
29
Repetitive movement of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon through the Intertubercular Groove makes that tendon susceptible to inflammation, known as _______ ________, and even ________, a crackling sound. Furthermore that tendon is capable of dislocating out of the Intertubercular Groove or even separating entirely from the Supraglenoid Tubercle, which results in the muscle balling up in the mid arm, a condition known as _________ _________.
Biceps Tendinitis
Crepitus
"Popeye Deformity"
30
What are the muscles of the posterior Brachial compartment?
Triceps Brachii M.
| Anconeus M.
31
What are the heads of the Triceps Brachii M.?
Long Head
Lateral Head
Medial Head (deep to the other two)
***Inserts on Olecranon of Ulna
32
What innervates the muscles of the posterior Brachial compartment?
Radial N.
33
What are the three important spaces in the Posterior Shoulder?
Quadrangular Space
Triangular Space
Triangular Interval
34
What is the border of the Quadrangular Space?
Teres Minor M. (Superior)
Teres Major M. (Inferior)
Long Head of Triceps Brachii M. (Medial)
Lateral Head of Triceps Brachii M. (Lateral)
35
What are the contents of the Quadrangular Space?
Posterior Humeral Circumflex A. and V.
| Axillary N.
36
What is the border of the Triangular Space?
Teres Minor M. (Superior)
Teres Major M. (Inferior)
Long Head of Triceps Brachii M. (Lateral)
37
What are the contents of the Triangular Space?
Circumflex Scapular A. and V.
38
What is the border of the Triangular Interval?
Teres Major M. (Superior)
Long Head of Triceps Brachii M. (Medial)
Lateral Head of Triceps Brachii M. (Lateral)
39
What are the contents of the Triangular Interval?
Deep Brachial A. and V.
| Radial N.
40
What are the superficial flexors of the Antebrachium?
Pronator Teres M.
Flexor Carpi Radialis M.
Palmaris Longus M.
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris M.
41
What is the origin for all the superficial flexors of the Antebrachium?
Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus
42
Pronator Teres M. has two heads, which are what?
Humeral head -- originates on Medial Epicondyle
Ulnar head -- originates on Coronoid Process of Ulna
43
What innervates the superficial flexors of the Antebrachium?
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris M. -- Ulnar N.
Pronator Teres M.
Flexor Carpi Radialis M. --- Median N.
Palmaris Longus M.
44
What are the muscles of the Intermediate Flexors of the Antebrachium?
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis M.
45
The Flexor Digitorum Superficialis M. has two heads, which are...
Humeroulnar Head -- originates on Medial Epicondyle and Coronoid Process of Ulna
Radial Head -- originates on superior, anterior Radius
46
Where does the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis M. insert?
On Intermediate Phalanges of Digits 2-5
47
What innervates the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis M.?
Median N.
48
What are the muscles of the Deep Layer of the Antebrachium?
Flexor Digitorum Profundus M.
Flexor Pollicis Longus M.
Pronator Quadratus M.
49
Where does the Flexor Digitorum Profundus M. insert?
On Distal Phalanges of Digits 2-5
***Tendon passes through bifed tendon for the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis M. to its insertion
50
What innervates the Flexor Digitorum Profundus M.?
Lateral part = Anterior Interosseous N. (of the Median N.)
Medial part = Ulnar N.
51
What innervates the other muscles of the deep layer of the Antebrachium?
Anterior Interosseous N. (of the Median N.)
52
What the muscles of the Superficial Layer of Extensors of the Antebrachium?
```
Brachioradialis M.
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus M.
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis M.
Extensor Digitorum M.
Extensor Digiti Minimi M.
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris M.
```
53
What is the origin for the superficial extensors of the Antebrachium?
Brachioradialis and Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Ms. -- Lateral Humeral Supracondylar Ridge
All the others = Lateral Epicondyle
54
Where does Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus M. insert? What about Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis M.?
Base of 2nd Metacarpal
Base of 3rd Metacarpal
55
What are the superficial extensors of the forearm that are active during fist clenching?
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus M.
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris M.
56
Where does Extensor Digitorum M. insert?
Extensor Expansions of Digits 2-5
57
Where does the Extensor Digiti Minimi M. insert?
Extensor Expansion of Digit 5
58
Where does the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris M. insert?
Base of the 5th Metacarpal
59
What innervates all the extensor muscles of the Antebrachium (superficial and deep)?
Brachioradialis M. and Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus M. = Radial N.
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis M. and Supinator M. = Deep Radial N.
Everything else = Posterior Interosseous N.
***Radial N. branches into Deep Radial N., which enters Supinator and changes names to Posterior Interosseous N.
60
Repetitive use of the Superficial Extensor muscles of the Forearm can result in _______ _______, or ________ ________, and involves pain over the Lateral Epicondyle and down the posterior Forearm. Repeated flexion and extension of the Wrist strains the Periosteum of the Lateral Humeral Epicondyle, called _______ _______.
Elbow Tendinitis
Tennis Elbow
Lateral Epicondylitis
61
What are the deep extensors of the Antebrachium?
Supinator M.
| Extensor Indicis M.
62
Where does the Extensor Indicis M. insert?
Extensor Expansion of Digit 2
63
What are the Outcropping Muscles of the Deep Layer of Extensors?
Abductor Pollicis Longus M.
Extensor Pollicis Brevis M.
Extensor Pollicis Longus M.
***Brevis Sandwich
64
This muscle of the Outcropping Muscles uses the Radial Tuberosity as a pulley, thus creating the "gap" for the Anatomical Snuffbox.
Extensor Pollicis Longus M.
65
What innervates the Outcropping Muscles?
Posterior Interosseous N.
66
Where do the Outcropping Muscles insert?
APL -- Base of 1st Metacarpal
EPB -- Base of Proximal Phalanx of Pollux (Dorsal)
EPL -- Base of Distal Phalanx of Pollux (Dorsal)
67
What are the contents of the Anatomical Snuffbox?
Radial A. (deep to tendons)
| Superficial Radial N. (superficial to tendons)
68
What is the border of the Anatomical Snuffbox?
Lateral (anterior) border = Abductor Pollicis Longus M. and Extensor Pollicis Brevis M.
Medial (Posterior) border = Extensor Pollicis Longus M.
69
What are the muscles of the Thenar Eminence?
Abductor Pollicis Brevis M.
Opponens Pollicis M.
Flexor Pollicis Brevis M.
Adductor Pollicis M.
70
The Adductor Pollicis M. has two heads, which are...
Oblique Head
| Transverse Head
71
The Flexor Pollicis Brevis M. has two heads, which are...
Superficial Head
| Deep Head
72
The complicated action of opposition of the thumb can be lost with injury to the ________. Even a very superficial injury of the palm can damage the _______ _______ of the ________ which innervates the muscles involved in opposition.
Median N.
Recurrent Branch
Median N.
73
What innervates the muscles of the Thenar Eminence?
Recurrent Branch of Median N. ----
Abductor Pollicis Brevis M.
Opponens Pollicis M.
Superficial Head of Flexor Pollicis Brevis M.
Deep Ulnar N. ----
Adductor Pollicis M.
Deep Head of Flexor Pollicis Brevis M.
74
Which of the Thenar Eminence muscles does not pass the MCP joint?
Opponens Pollicis M.
75
What are the muscles of the Hypothenar Eminence?
Abductor Digiti Minimi M.
Flexor Digiti Minimi M.
Opponens Digiti Minimi M.
76
What innervates the muscles of the Hypothenar Eminence?
Deep Ulnar N.
77
These lumbrical muscles originate on the lateral side of the lateral two Flexor Digitorum Profundus tendons as Unipennate muscles and insert onto the Extensor Expansions of the 2nd and 3rd Digits.
1st and 2nd Lumbrical M.
78
These lumbrical muscles originate between the medial three Flexor Digitorum Profundus tendons as Bipennate muscles and insert on the Extensor Expansions of the 4th and 5th Digits.
3rd and 4th Lumbrical M.
79
What innervates the lumbrical muscles?
1st and 2nd = Median N.
3rd and 4th = Deep Ulnar N.
***Lumbricals allow you to put hand in an "L" shape
80
(PALMAR/DORSAL) Interossei M. originate at adjacent sides of two Metacarpals as a Bipennate muscle and inserts at the bases of Proximal Phalanges and Extensor Expansion of Digits 2-4.
Dorsal
***DAB -- 4 of them (between each finger space)
81
(PALMAR/DORSAL) Interossei M. originate at the Palmar aspect of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th Metacarpal bones and inserts at the bases of Proximal Phalanges and Extensor Expansions of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th Digits.
Palmar
***PAD -- 3 of them (Lateral of 4th and 5th Digit, Medial of 2nd Digit)
82
What is the midline of the hand, and what actions can it perform?
3rd Digit -- It can only ABDUCT (in either direction)
83
What innervates the Palmar and Dorsal Interossei Ms.?
Deep Ulnar N.
84
This is the inactive position of the hand.
Position of Rest
85
This is the function of compressing an object between the distal aspect of the 1st and 2nd Digits.
Pinching
86
As when writing, this function involves long flexor and extensor muscles in addition to the Intrinsic Hand muscles performing fine movements.
Precision Handling Grip
87
As when carrying a suitcase, this function consumes less energy than the power Grip and involves mainly the long flexors of the digits acting at the Interphalangeal Joint.
Hook Grip
88
This function is when the Digits are acting against the Palm while wrapped around an object with counterpressure from the Pollux, and includes involvement from the long flexors of the digits acting at the Interphalangeal Joint with Intrinsic Hand Muscles acting at the MCP Joint.
Power Grip (Palm Grasp)
