UE Neurology Flashcards
The Cervical Plexus consists of Anterior Rami _______.
C1-C4
This comes off the Cervical Plexus from C3 and C4 which travel inferiorly from the nerve point of the neck. Provides cutaneous innervation to the skin over the Neck and Shoulder.
Supraclavicular N.
The Supraclavicular N. is divided into what branches?
Lateral Supraclavicular N.
Middle Supraclavicular N.
Medial Supraclavicular N.
The Brachial Plexus is derived the Anterior Rami of…
C5-T1
The Roots, Trunks, and Divisions of the Brachial Plexus are all (ABOVE/BELOW) the Clavicle, while the Cords and Terminal Branches are (ABOVE/BELOW) the Clavicle.
Above
Below
The Roots of the Brachial Plexus travel between the Anterior and Middle Scalene Ms. with what artery?
Subclavian A.
Injury to the superior part of the Brachial Plexus (Upper Plexus Injuries) typically affect _____ and _____ Anterior Rami and are usually the result of dramatically increasing the angle between the Neck and the Shoulder. Such an action can stretch, rupture, or avulse the Spinal roots off of the Spinal Cord.
C5
C6
An individual with an Upper Plexus Injury will have an Adducted and Medially Rotated Arm and an Extended Elbow, also known as _________ ________ or _______ _______ ________.
Erb-Duchenne Palsy
Waiter’s Tip Position
Injury to the inferior part of the Brachial Plexus is less than Upper Plexus Injury and is usually the result of dramatically increasing the angle between the trunk and upper limb. This typically affects the short muscles of the Hand and results in ______ ______ when the individual tries to make a fist, also known as ________ ________.
Claw Hand
Klumpke Paralysis
Once the Brachial Plexus branches into Cords, the Subclavian A. has become the ________ A.
Axillary
***After 1st rib
T/F. The Posterior Cord runs behind the Axillary A. and the Medial and Lateral Cords run medially and laterally to the Axillary A., respectively.
True
This nerve runs with the Ulnar N., and the two can be confused sometimes.
Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous N.
Compression of the Cords of the Brachial Plexus usually results in pain radiating down the Arm, loss of sensation, and tingling of the arms and weakness of the Hands. How does this compression usually occur?
From prolonged periods of working with the upper limb extended over the Head
Injury to the _________ N., while rare is possible with blunt force trauma and renders the anterior Brachial muscles paralyzed.
Musculocutaneous
Injury to the Axillary N. results in atrophy of the Deltoid M. and loss of sensation over the superolateral Arm, where which nerve exists?
Superior Lateral Brachial Cutaneous N.
What does the Median N. branch off into from before the Carpal Tunnel clear to the finger-tips?
Median N. — Medial Branch Median N. and Lateral Branch Median N. – Common Palmar Digital Ns. – Proper Palmar Digital Ns.
What innervates the 1st and 2nd Lumbricals?
1st = Lateral Branch of the Median N. 2nd = Medial Branch of the Median N.
Injury of the Median N. in the Wrist results in an Adducted Thumb and Thenar Eminence atrophy, known as _____ _____. Injury to the Median N. at the Elbow inhibits flexion of 2nd and 3rd digits, known as _______ ____ _______.
Ape’s Hand
Hand of Benediction (has same symptoms as Ape’s Hand)
What does the Ulnar N. branch into right after it exits the Canal of Guyon?
Ulnar N. — Deep Ulnar N. and Superficial Ulnar N.
Superficial Ulnar N. — Common Palmar Digital N. — Proper Palmar Digital N.
Ulnar N. injury typically occurs in one of four places: 1) Posterior to the Medial Humeral Epicondyle, 2) Between the Ulnar and Humeral Heads of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris M. (the so-called Cubital Tunnel), 3) At the wrist, 4) In the Hand. The overall results are similar, extensive loss of sensory and motor control in the Hand, and when an individual tries to make a fist it appears as _____ _____.
Claw Hand
***Remember this is also caused by Lower Plexus injury… aka where the Ulnar N. is located!!!
The Ulnar N. can be compressed when pressure is placed on the Hamulus of the Hamate, like when riding a bike. This can produce sensory loss on the medial side of the hand and weakness of the intrinsic hand muscles and is often referred to as…
Handlebar Neuropathy
The Radial N. branches into the Superficial Radial N. (passes over Anatomical Snuffbox) which becomes what?
Dorsal Digital N. — Digital Branches of the Dorsal Digital N.
The Radial N. branches into the Deep Radial N., which pierces the Supinator M. and becomes what?
Posterior Interosseous N.
Injury of the Radial N. results in ______ _____, which is the impairment of elbow extension and thumb abduction and extension.
Wrist Drop
