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MSK Exam 1 > Epithelium Histology > Flashcards

Epithelium Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial tissue rests on a thin extracellular, felt-like sheet of macromolecules called the…

A

Basement membrane

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2
Q

T/F. A semipermeable filter allows passage of nutrients and substance from vasculature of epithelium to basement membrane.

A

True

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3
Q

Epithelium that is primarily involved in secretion is often arranged as ________.

A

Glands

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4
Q

This faces the exterior surface/lumen of an enclosed cavity/tube.

A

Apical surface

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5
Q

This rest on the basement membrane and anchors the cell to underlying CT.

A

Basal surface

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6
Q

This surface communicates/attaches to adjacent cells.

A

Lateral surfaces

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7
Q

This type of intercellular junction is near the apical surface and is impermeable, allowing cells to function as a barrier. The more of these junctions, the less permeability there is.

A

Tight/Occluding Junctions

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8
Q

What are types of tight/occluding junctions?

A

Occludins

Claudins

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9
Q

This type of junction is a fluid-filled channel that connects adjacent cells. It mediates communication and is formed by an aggregate of Connexins.

A

Gap/Communicating Junctions

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10
Q

Gap/Communicating Junctions have channels/pores that typically move ______.

A

Ions

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11
Q

What are the types of anchoring junctions?

A

Adherens
Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes

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12
Q

This type of anchoring junction involves lateral adhesions involving cadherins that interact with actin filaments.

A

Adherens

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13
Q

This type of anchoring junction involves lateral adhesions involving cadherins that interact with intermediate filaments.

A

Desmosomes

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14
Q

This type of anchoring junction involves basal adhesions involving integrins and intermediate filaments that anchor to basal lamina.

A

Hemidesmosomes

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15
Q

How can Tight Junctions contribute to “food poisoning”?

A

Bacteria that cause “food poisoning” target Tight Junctions in the intestine, impairing their function. Tissue fluid is then lost into the intestinal lumen, making you sick.

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16
Q

How can Tight Junctions contribute to gastric ulcers?

A

Helicobacter pylori causes gastric ulcers by binding to Tight Junctions in the stomach, increasing permeability. Causes inflammation.

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17
Q

How to Desmosomes contribute to oral blisters?

A

Due to an autoimmune disease called Pemphigus Vulgaris, this causes abnormal desmosome function. There is reduced cell-to-cell adhesion, thus causing blisters of the oral mucosa.

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18
Q

This is a specialized sheet of extracellular material located adjacent to the basal domain. Selective barrier between tissues permits diffusion of nutrients.

A

Basement membrane

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19
Q

These are on the apical surface and consists of cytoplasmic processes containing an actin core. They are specialized for absorption and increase surface area by 20-30x. Number and shape correlate to the cell’s absorptive capacity.

A

Microvilli

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20
Q

How are microvilli and Celiac disease related?

A

Celiac disease is the loss of microvilli on the absorptive cells of the small intestine.

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21
Q

These are on the apical surface and are microvilli but of unusual length, making them long and less mobile. It has a microtubule structure with an actin core. They increase surface area for absorption/secretion but are restricted to only two locations: Epididymis and hair cells of inner ear.

A

Stereocilia

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22
Q

Where are stereocilia found?

A

Epididymis

Hair cells of inner ear

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23
Q

These are on the apical surface and are long, highly motile structures containing internal arrays of microtubules. They can either be motile, primary, or nodal.

A

Cilia

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24
Q

This type of cilia beat in a wave-like fashion to propel substances across the tissue.

A

Motile cilia

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25
Q

This type of cilia is immotile, function as chemosensory, osmosensors, and mechanosensors.

A

Primary cilia

26
Q

This type of cilia is embryonic, and have a role in L/R axis determination.

A

Nodal cilia

27
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

A

Lining of blood and lymphatic vessels (endothelium)
Lining of serous membranes (mesothelium)
Lining of alveoli in lungs
Loop of Henle in kidney
Various ducts

28
Q

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Exchange
Barrier
Lubrication

29
Q

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

A

Kidney tubules
Glands and associated ducts
Terminal bronchioles
Covering of the ovary

30
Q

What is the function of the simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Absorption
Barrier
Secretion

31
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelium found?

A 
Auditory tubes 
Uterus 
Oviducts 
Stomach
Small/Large Intestine 
Gallbladder
32
Q

What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?

A

Absorption

Secretion

33
Q

Where is pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium found?

A

Lining of nasal cavity
Lining of pharynx
Lining of trachea
Lining of bronchi

***Think upper respiratory

34
Q

What is the function of pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium?

A

Absorption
Secretion
Debris and particulate movement

35
Q

Where is urothelium found?

A

Urinary bladder
Ureters
Urethra

36
Q

What is the function of urothelium?

A

Barrier

Distensible property

37
Q

Where is nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

Oral cavity

Portions of pharynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, urethra, cornea

38
Q

What is the function of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Barrier

Protection

39
Q

Where is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

Epidermis of skin

***Keratinized = no nuclei, flaking off

40
Q

What is the function of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Barrier

Protection

41
Q

Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found?

A

Sweat glands and ducts
Ovarian follicles
Salivary gland ducts

42
Q

What is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A

Barrier and passageway

43
Q

This is epithelial tissue that secretes mucus. It lines many body cavities and tubular organs including the gut and respiratory passages.

A

Mucous membrane

44
Q

This is epithelial tissue that lines internal body cavities. It forms a smooth, transparent, two-layered membrane that is lubricated by a fluid derived from serum.

A

Serous membrane

45
Q

What’s included in the serous membrane?

A

Peritoneum
Pericardium
Pleura

46
Q

This is simple squamous epithelium that comprises part of a serous membrane.

A

Mesothelium

47
Q

Epithelial cells may produce and secrete a product as individual cells or as specialized organs called _______.

A

Glands

48
Q

Glands are classified as _______ or _______ according to how their products are released. ________ have a duct, and this is what we are focusing on now.

A

Exocrine
Endocrine
Exocrine

49
Q

Gland signals are released via ________ or ________ signaling.

A

Paracrine

Autocrine

50
Q

These glands are the simplest in structure. They are single, secretory cells distributed among non-secretory cells.

A

Unicellular glands

51
Q

What is an example of a Unicellular Gland?

A

Goblet cells

52
Q

These are mucus-secreting cells lining the intestines and respiratory tract. They are Unicellular glands.

A

Goblet cells

53
Q

These are multicellular glands comprised of secretary cells grouped as an acinus. Product is secreted into a system of ducts for release.

A

Exocrine glands

54
Q

This is the functional tissue of an organ, it does not include CT and other supporting tissues (in exocrine glands).

A

Parenchyma

55
Q

In Exocrine Glands, secretory units are supported by a _______ of CT. They have _______ which partitions the gland into lobules and a ________ that encloses the entire gland.

A

Stroma
Septum
Capsule

56
Q

This type of gland has secretion that is delivered in membrane-bound vesicles to apical surface where it undergoes exocytosis.

A

Merocrine gland

57
Q

This type of gland has secretion that accumulates within the cell, then apoptosis occurs. Secretion and cell debris are released.

A

Holocrine gland

58
Q

This type of gland has secretion that releases the apical portion of the cel, surrounded by cytoplasm within a plasma membrane.

A

Apocrine gland

59
Q

Glands can be simple (unbranched ducts) or compound (2+ branches). The secretory portions are ________ or ________ and may be branched too, even if the duct is not.

A

Tubular

Acinar

60
Q

T/F. Compound glands can have branching ducts with numerous secretory portions (tubular, acinar, or tubuloacinar).

A

True

MSK Exam 1 (20 decks)

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