U4 L3 Structural Grammar

Question 1

Who were advocates of structural linguistics?

Answer 1

• Charles C. Fries
• Edward Sapir
• Leonard Bloomfield

Question 2

What are the 3 types of fallacies that structural linguists tried to expose in traditionalists thinking?

Answer 2

semantic, logical, and normative fallacies

Question 3

What do structural linguists believe semantic fallacies to exist in?

Answer 3

traditions definitions of parts of speech

Question 4

What do Traditional grammarians recognize as the standard dictionary definition of ‘thing’ to mean?

Answer 4

• any object
• whatever is done, happening
• whatever is spoken

Question 5

What is semantics?

Answer 5

scientific study of word meanings

Question 6

What is structural linguistics?

Answer 6

study of language to determine/describe structural patterns and interrelationships

Question 7

What do structural linguists believe logical fallacies to exist in?

Answer 7

traditional description of actual English sentences

Question 8

What is logical fallacy?

Answer 8

false idea arrived through faulty reasoning

Question 9

What to structural linguists use the term normative fallacy to refer to?

Answer 9

traditional grammarian’s habit of setting up prescriptive norms for usage

Question 10

What is normative fallacy?

Answer 10

false idea that violates a norm it is supposed to uphold

Question 11

What are some rules of normative fallacies that structuralists see as unrealistic quibbles (trivial objections)?

Answer 11

• use of shall and will in first person future tense
• objection to split infinitives
• against ending sentence with preposition

Question 12

What are the 3 principles that state the position of structural linguists?

Answer 12

• Grammar makes set of patterns common to a community
• Each language/dialect has own patterns
• Analysis/description of a language must conform to scientific theory in simplicity, consistency, completeness, and ability to change

Question 13

What does structural grammar emphasize?

Answer 13

spoken languages over written language

Question 14

How does structural grammar’s analysis of language begin and progress?

Answer 14

begins with word forms then works back toward meaning

Question 15

What is Traditional grammar primarily concerned with?

Answer 15

morphology and syntax

Question 16

What is morphology?

Answer 16

• grammar branch that handles word forms and formation
• by inflection or derivation
• relationship of one part of word to another part of word

Question 17

what is syntax?

Answer 17

• grammar branch dealing with word arrangement and phrase in a sentence
• relationships among words

Question 18

What is Structural grammar primarily concerned with?

Answer 18

-sounds in language and effects of it on meaning
emphasis on:
-phonemes
-stress
-pitch
-juncture

Question 19

How many classes of words does Structural grammar recognize?

Answer 19

12

Question 20

What are the first 4 classes of Structural grammar?

Answer 20

• nouns
• verbs
• adjectives
• adverbs

Question 21

What do the definitions of the first 4 classes of Structural grammar depend on?

Answer 21

• form
• function
• position

Question 22

What are the other 8 classes of Structural grammar CALLED?

Answer 22

• Function words

- words that have little or no lexical meaning

Question 23

What are the other 8 classes of Structural grammar (LIST)?

Answer 23

• auxiliaries
• prepositions
• interrogatives
• determiners
• conjunctions
• intensives
• pronouns
• unnamed class

APID CIPU

Question 24

What are 2 unnamed class words?

Answer 24

not

there

Question 25

What are 2 determiner words?

Answer 25

this

those

Question 26

What are interrogatives?

Answer 26

words to introduce questions with forms of ‘to be’ or ‘to do’
-includes when, where, why, who

Question 27

What are intensives?

Answer 27

• adverbs to emphasize modified word

- common intensifier- very

Question 28

What is a paradigm?

Answer 28

pattern of form changes undergone by a word

Question 29

What do Structural linguists define word classes according to?

Answer 29

syntax and morphology