Types Of Practice Methods Flashcards
What does part practice involve?
Skill broken into subroutines, then subroutines practised separately, then subroutines put back together
What are some benefits of part practice?
Good for closed/low organisation skills Good at the cognitive stage of learning Helps understanding Gives early success Raises confidence/motivation Limits info. to process Safer for learning dangerous skills
What are some drawbacks of part practice?
Not suitable for high organisation skills
Limits awareness of whole skill
Limits kinaesthetic development
Transfer to whole skill may be difficult
Can be demotivating for high ability learners
Takes time
What does whole practice involve?
Skill not being broken into subroutines, skill is learned in its complete form-movement attempted holistically
What are some benefits of whole practice?
Good for high organisation/continuous/simple skills Gives holistic view of the skill Saves time Good for high ability learners Creates mental picture Encourages fluency
What are some drawbacks of whole practice?
Unsuitable for complex skills
Difficult for low abilities and those at the cognitive stage of learning
Too fast for some learners
Can be demotivating if failure is experienced
What does progressive part practice involve?
Subroutines of a skill practised separately then combined gradually into larger parts until whole skill is achieved
What are some benefits of progressive part practice?
Good for low organisation/serial/complex skills
Quicker than part practice and with similar uses
Kinaesthetic feel developed more effectively than with part practice
Transfer of subroutines more likely than with part practice
Gives a chance for recap
What are some drawbacks of progressive part practice?
Unsuitable for high organisation skills Similar drawbacks to part practice Limited awareness of whole skill Limited kinaesthetic development Transfer to the whole skill may remain difficult Can be demotivating for high abilities Takes time
What does whole part practice involve?
Skill practised in its entirety, then subroutines practised separately, then complete skill practised again
What are some benefits of whole part practice?
Good for low organisation/serial/complex/open/closed skills
Combines the uses of whole and part methods
Flexible method for all abilities/stages of learning
Entire skill can be practised early
Allows focus on weak subroutines
What are some drawbacks of whole part practice?
Unsuitable for high organisation skills
Can be difficult for low ability learners
Lots of info. to process
Potential for overload
Can be demotivating to return to subroutines
What does massed practice involve?
Repetitive/continuous practice with no rest intervals
What are some benefits of massed practice?
Good for discrete/short and simple skills
Good for autonomous learners
Good for experienced performers
Helps to groove/overlearn the skill
Helps to form S-R bonds/develop kinaesthesis and schema
What are some drawbacks of massed practice?
Can be too exhausting
Could cause drive reduction/mental fatigue
Errors could increase due to repetitive nature
Can lead to chronic/overuse injuries
What does distributed practice involve?
Practice in short bursts with regular rest intervals
What are some benefits of distributed practice?
Good for high energy/continuous/complex/dangerous skills
Good for cognitive learners
Helps understanding at the associative and autonomous stage
Has time for rest/mental rehearsal/reinforcement/feedback
Helps to form S-R bonds/develop kinaesthesis and schema
What are some drawbacks of distributed practice?
Rest intervals may disjoint practice-hindering learning
Can be hard to regain intensity of practice
Long/frequent breaks can be demotivating
What does varied practice involve?
Changes made regularly to the environment/situation so different activities are performed in different ways
What are some benefits of varied practice?
Good for open skills in games
Good at the autonomous stage
Good when the skill has already been learned via fixed practice
Motivates performer
Helps transfer of skills
Helps to form S-R bonds/develop kinaesthesis and schema
What are some drawbacks of varied practice?
Basic skills must be learned to start with
Too many stimuli may cause overload
Can be confusing for cognitive learners
Not effective in over learning the skills
May not develop an effective motor programme
What does fixed practice involve?
Environment/situation doesn’t change
What are some benefits of fixed practice?
Good for closed skills
Good for cognitive learners
Develops motor programmes and competition is replicated
Can perfect and overlearn the skill
Helps to form S-R bonds/develop kinaesthesis and schema
What are some drawbacks of fixed practice?
Unsuitable for open skills May become boring Doesn’t prepare for a game situation Can cause drive reduction Can lead to chronic/overuse injuries
