Transfer Of Skills

Question 1

What is the transfer of skills defined as?

Answer 1

How performance in one skill helps/hinders another

Question 2

Define positive transfer

Answer 2

Where one skill/situation helps the learning and performance of another skill/situation

Question 3

What does positive transfer benefit/include?

Answer 3

Transfers the S-R bond of one skill to another

Helps to develop the correct motor programme

Question 4

Define negative transfer

Answer 4

Where one skill/situation hinders the learning and performance of another skill/situation

Question 5

What does negative transfer drawback/include?

Answer 5

Performer can respond incorrectly to similar stimuli

Differences in kinaesthetic feedback can cause confusion

Question 6

Define proactive transfer

Answer 6

Where a previously learned skill affects the current learning or performance of another skill
New skill

Question 7

Define retroactive transfer

Answer 7

Where the current learning of a new skill effects the performance of a previously learned skill
New skill———————————————>Old skill
(Can be positive or negative retroactive)

Question 8

Define bilateral transfer

Answer 8

Transfer from limb to limb (one side of the body to the other)

Question 9

What does bilateral transfer benefit/drawback/include and use an example?

Answer 9

Can be positive or negative bilateral transfer

Eg.When positive it helps an attacker to deceive a defender such as using the non-dominant foot to shoot or pass

Question 10

Define optimising transfer

Answer 10

Maximising the use of transfer to help the speed and effectiveness of learning

Question 11

Give the 9 ways of optimising the effect of positive transfer

Answer 11

1. Practice/learning situations should include positive transfer
2. Build on similar skills to promote transfer
3. Make the learner aware of transferable elements/sub routines
4. Have clear demos of where transfer can take place
5. Original skill must over overlearned
6. Give the learner positive reinforcement
7. Indicate that processing of info in different activities may be similar
8. The closer the practice is to the real situation the more chance of transfer
9. Diverse experiences enhance the probability of transfer

Question 12

Give the 7 ways of limiting the effect of negative transfer

Answer 12

1. The coach should apply strategies to optimise positive transfer instead
2. Be aware that skills that look similar may transfer negatively
3. Conflicting skills must not follow in sequence during technique training
4. Learner’s attention must be drawn way from movements that cause negative transfer
5. The environment in which the skill is learned must watch the real situation
6. If part/progressive part practice used the first subroutine should be overlearned
7. Simplify the task during the initial learning to get the basic movement