Leadership

Question 1

What are some characteristics of effective leaders?

Answer 1

Empathetic 
Self confident 
Ambitious 
Charismatic 
Good perceptual/decision making skills
Etc

Question 2

What are the 2 ways leaders can be selected?

Answer 2

Emergent leaders

Prescribed leaders

Question 3

What are emergent leaders?

Answer 3

Already members of the group

Can assume role of leader or be voted in by other group members

Question 4

What are the benefits of emergent leaders?

Answer 4

They have good knowledge of team members and works well individually with them
Should already have the respect of the team

Question 5

What are the negatives of emergent leaders?

Answer 5

Team members may struggle to adjust to new status of leader-perceived favouritism
May be difficult for leader to make changes in the way the team play as the leader has been involved in the previous system

Question 6

What are prescribed leaders?

Answer 6

Appointed from outside the group

Question 7

What are the benefits of a prescribed leader?

Answer 7

Can make changes more easily to systems/tactics as team expects it
Members may feel they have a clean slate with them and so work harder/display positive attitudes

Question 8

What are the negatives of a prescribed leader?

Answer 8

Have no previous experience with members so may not manage individuals in an effective way
Building relationships and earning respect may take time

Question 9

What are the 3 leadership styles?

Answer 9

Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez-faire

Question 10

What are autocratic leaders like?

Answer 10

Focused on task
Makes all decisions
Goal orientated
Doesn’t delegate responsibility

Question 11

When is it best to use an autocratic leadership?

Answer 11

In a large group, with limited time

The task is potentially dangerous

Question 12

What are democratic leaders like?

Answer 12

Focused on developing relationships in the group
Shares decisions
Prioritises group cohesion and shared ownership
Delegates responsibilities

Question 13

When is it best to use a democratic leadership?

Answer 13

When the group is small, or few time constraints

Team members require personal support

Question 14

What are laissez-faire leaders like?

Answer 14

“Let do”
Leader stands aside
Group makes all of decisions
Leader doesn’t take responsibility

Question 15

When is it best to use a laissez-faire leadership?

Answer 15

When group is very experienced/motivated with less

A weak leader may drift into this style if they lose control of the group

Question 16

What are the theories of leadership?

Answer 16

Trait perspective
Social learning
Interactionist approach

Question 17

What is trait perspective?

Example?

Answer 17

Effective leadership behaviour is innate/genetically programmed
Eg. Ambition and empathy may be inherited, which enables effective leadership

Question 18

What is social learning?

Example?

Answer 18

Effective leadership behaviour is learned from the environment through imitation and reinforcement
Eg. Effective leadership is observed, copied and reinforced-this builds leadership skills

Question 19

What is interactionist approach?

Example?

Answer 19

Effective leadership is determined by a combination of inherited traits and experiences learned from the environment
Eg. A person may inherit determination, then observe and imitate the use of this trait to learn effective leadership

Question 20

What is Chelladurai’s multi-dimensional model of sports leadership?

Answer 20

This measured the effectiveness of a leader based on:
The degree of success at completing a task
How satisfied the group was during the process

Question 21

What are 3 factors that influence the style of leadership?

Answer 21

Situational characteristics - group size, time available, type of activity
Leader characteristics - competence, experience, preferred style of leadership
Member characteristics - experience, gender, age, motivation

Question 22

What are 3 factors that impact on the leader behaviour (style of leadership)?

Answer 22

Required behaviour
Actual behaviour
Preferred behaviour

Question 23

Define required behaviour

Answer 23

The style that should be used by the leader in the situation

Question 24

Define actual behaviour

Answer 24

The style that the leader chooses to use

Question 25

Define preferred behaviour

Answer 25

The style the members would choose

Question 26

Define group performance and/or satisfaction that depends on degree of congruence

Answer 26

How much the required, preferred and actual leader behaviour coincide/are the same

Question 27

If actual behaviour is the same as required behaviour but not the same as preferred behaviour what is the outcome of the effectiveness of the leader?

Answer 27

Effective performance occurs

But satisfaction is low

Question 28

If actual behaviour is not the same as required behaviour but the same as preferred behaviour what is the outcome of the effectiveness of the leader?

Answer 28

Not effective performance

But satisfaction is high

Question 29

If actual behaviour is the same as required behaviour and the same as preferred behaviour what is the outcome of the effectiveness of the leader?

Answer 29

Effective performance
Satisfaction is high
(There is full congruence)