types of enzymes

Question 1

what is catalase

Answer 1

-intracellular enzyme which catalyses the break down of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

Question 2

secondary structure of catalse

Answer 2

-primarily made up of alpha helices which are stabelised by hydrogen bonds

Question 3

tertiary structure of catalse

Answer 3

-active site contains a heme group which is critical in breakdown of H2O2
-includes interactions like hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interaction, disulfide bridges

Question 4

quaternary structure of catalse

Answer 4

-exists as a tetramer (composed of 4 polypeptide subunits) each one is identical and very similar

Question 5

subunits of catalase

Answer 5

-each has its own active site so more efficient and each contain a heme group which faciliates redox reactions

Question 6

where is catalase found

Answer 6

-in humans (liver cells)
-in plants(leaves, roots, other tissues)

Question 7

steps involved in catalysis reaction of catalase

Answer 7

1. binding of hydrogen peroxide to catalase (bind to iron atom in the heme group at its active site)
2. breakdown of hydrogen peroxide molecule

Question 8

the significance of catalse

Answer 8

-detoxifies peroxides in kidney and liver
-prevents oxidative damage to cells

Question 9

what is amylase

Answer 9

-an extracellular and intercellular enzyme which cataylses the break down of carbohydtrates into simpler sugars, making them easier for the body to use
-specfically starch to maltose

Question 10

secondary structure of amylase

Answer 10

-contains both alpha helices and beta pleated sheets

Question 11

tertiary structure of amylase

Answer 11

-held by hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide bridges, hydrophobic interactions

Question 12

quaternary structure of amylase

Answer 12

-in humans there is no quaternary structure
-function is carried out efficiently by a single polypeptide
-the active site is fully formed by the tertiary strucutre and doesnt require multiple subunits

Question 13

where is amylase found

Answer 13

-in humans in the salivary glands, small intenstine (secreted by pancreas into small intestine)
-in the epithelial cells lining the small intenstine
-in the seeds, roots, fruits of plants to break down stored starch into sugars during germination/ripening

Question 14

example of how amylase is extracellular and intracellular

Answer 14

-extracellular pancreatic and salivary amylase
-intracellular is liver and muscle and chloroplasts

Question 15

steps involved in the catalysis reaction of amylase

Answer 15

1. substrate binding
2. hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds

Question 16

what binds to what in the catalysis reaction involving amylase

Answer 16

-the starch which consists of long chains of glucose molecules linked by glycosidic bonds binds to the active site

Question 17

significance of amylase

Answer 17

-important role in digestion, providing energy for the body
-allows maltose and glucose to be easily absorbed by the intestines

Question 18

what is trypsin

Answer 18

-an extracellular enzyme which breaks down proteins in the small intestine
-type of protease
-works by hydrolising peptide bonds

Question 19

secondary structure of trypsin

Answer 19

-contains both alpha helices and beta pleated sheets stabelised by hydrogen bonds
-secondary structure positions the active site and stabilises the enzymes function in breaking down proteins

Question 20

tertiary structure of trypsin

Answer 20

-stabelised by disulfide bonds and hydrophobic and hydrophillic interactions
-contains the ser-his-asp triad known as catalytic triad to enable break down of peptide bonds

Question 21

quaternary structure of trypsin

Answer 21

-single polypeptide chain, monomer
-functionstability governed by secondary and tertiary structure

Question 22

where is trypsin found

Answer 22

-primarily in the small intestine (activation and function) and pancreas (production and serotonin)

Question 23

steps in the catalysis reaction of enzymes

Answer 23

1. substrate binding
2. formation of catalytic complex (the catalytic triad working together to facilitate hydrolysis reaction)

Question 24

significance/importance of trypsin?

Answer 24

-key role in the breakdown of proteins which are essential for bodies nutrition and metabolic processes
1. digestion
2.activation of other digestive enzymes
3. critical for nutrient absorption