Carbohydrate Flashcards
What do two beta glucoses make
Cellobiose
what do two alpha glucoses make
maltose
glyosidic bond
water removed from two hydroxyl groups forming C-O-C rather than C, OH and C, OH
examples of the sugar hexose
alpha and beta glucose
what sugar is ribose
pentose
what is ribose a component of
component of ribonucleic acid (RNA), ATP and NAD
how is pentose different from hexose
pentose has 5 wheras hexose has 6 carbons
polysaccharides energy store in human and plants
in human, glycogen (alpha glucose)
in plant, starch (beta glucose) and cellulose (alpha glucose)
branched chain of polysaccharide
amylopectin/ glycogen
unbranched polysaccharide chain
amylose
why is branched good
enzymes can reach ends of chains and hydrolyse 1-4 linkages to break down glucose when energy is required quickly
enzyme for breaking down 1-6 bonds
glucosidase
enzyme for breaking down 1-4 bonds
amylase
why are glycogen and starch useful as storage molecules
-they are compact, do not occupy a large amount of space and both occur as dense granules in the cell
-Insoluble; they will have no osmotic effect, unlike glucose which would increase the solute concentration of a cell and causing water to move in by osmosis
why is a straight chain beneficial
Being straight makes the molecules suitable for constructing cellular structures e.g. cellulose
what two different polysaccharides is starch constructed from
Amylose- helix so stored easily
Amylopectin- branched so easily hydrolysed for respiration or added to for storage
what is glycogen
the storage polysaccharide of animals and fungi
is glycogen branched and why/why not
yes
-provides more terminal glucose molecules which can either be added to or removed by hydrolysis; allows the quick storage or release of glucose
what two polysaccharides are storage
starch and glycogen
why are polysaccharides big
so they can be stored/ wont leave the cell
structure of cellulose
long chain of Beta-glucose molecules linked by glycosidic bonds to form linear cellulose chains that are unbranched with hydrogen bonds inbetween each microfibril
what does cellulose form
microfibrils- for strength and structure of plant cell
