Carbohydrate

Question 1

What do two beta glucoses make

Answer 1

Cellobiose

Question 2

what do two alpha glucoses make

Answer 2

maltose

Question 3

glyosidic bond

Answer 3

water removed from two hydroxyl groups forming C-O-C rather than C, OH and C, OH

Question 4

examples of the sugar hexose

Answer 4

alpha and beta glucose

Question 5

what sugar is ribose

Answer 5

pentose

Question 6

what is ribose a component of

Answer 6

component of ribonucleic acid (RNA), ATP and NAD

Question 7

how is pentose different from hexose

Answer 7

pentose has 5 wheras hexose has 6 carbons

Question 8

polysaccharides energy store in human and plants

Answer 8

in human, glycogen (alpha glucose)
in plant, starch (beta glucose) and cellulose (alpha glucose)

Question 9

branched chain of polysaccharide

Answer 9

amylopectin/ glycogen

Question 10

unbranched polysaccharide chain

Answer 10

amylose

Question 11

why is branched good

Answer 11

enzymes can reach ends of chains and hydrolyse 1-4 linkages to break down glucose when energy is required quickly

Question 12

enzyme for breaking down 1-6 bonds

Answer 12

glucosidase

Question 13

enzyme for breaking down 1-4 bonds

Answer 13

amylase

Question 14

why are glycogen and starch useful as storage molecules

Answer 14

-they are compact, do not occupy a large amount of space and both occur as dense granules in the cell
-Insoluble; they will have no osmotic effect, unlike glucose which would increase the solute concentration of a cell and causing water to move in by osmosis

Question 15

why is a straight chain beneficial

Answer 15

Being straight makes the molecules suitable for constructing cellular structures e.g. cellulose

Question 16

what two different polysaccharides is starch constructed from

Answer 16

Amylose- helix so stored easily
Amylopectin- branched so easily hydrolysed for respiration or added to for storage

Question 17

what is glycogen

Answer 17

the storage polysaccharide of animals and fungi

Question 18

is glycogen branched and why/why not

Answer 18

yes
-provides more terminal glucose molecules which can either be added to or removed by hydrolysis; allows the quick storage or release of glucose

Question 19

what two polysaccharides are storage

Answer 19

starch and glycogen

Question 20

why are polysaccharides big

Answer 20

so they can be stored/ wont leave the cell

Question 21

structure of cellulose

Answer 21

long chain of Beta-glucose molecules linked by glycosidic bonds to form linear cellulose chains that are unbranched with hydrogen bonds inbetween each microfibril

Question 22

what does cellulose form

Answer 22

microfibrils- for strength and structure of plant cell