translation

Question 1

what shape is the tRNA molecule

Answer 1

a clover, bottom third contains the anticodon

Question 2

what is an anticodon

Answer 2

sequence of 3 nucleotides found on tRNA contains complementary base pairs to mRNA

Question 3

rough ER link to protein

Answer 3

where proteins are synthesised
-flattened sacs and tubules encrusted with ribosomes
-proteins that are secreted by the cell are synthesised through the rough ER
-passed onto the golgi body

Question 4

where are proteins synthesised if they are staying inside the cell

Answer 4

-in the cytosol (liquid of cytoplasm)

Question 5

what is the Golgi apparatus’ link to protein

Answer 5

packages and modified proteins
-flattened fluid sacs
-vesicles containing newly synthesised proteins fuse with Golgi apparatus
-the Golgi apparatus processes the protein
-vesicles containing finished products are pinched off the Golgi body
-discharged out of cell by exocytosis

Question 6

steps of translation

Answer 6

-the mRNA has left nucleus via the nuclear pore and entered cytoplasm
-the mRNA binds to the small subunit of a ribosome at its start codon
-a tRNA molecule with a complementary anticodon binds to the start codon on the mRNA bringing the first AA
-the ribosome reads the next codon on the mRNA and a second molecule binds to the codon with the anticodon UGC, brining the second amino acid for polypeptide chain
-peptide bonds form between first 2 amino acids
-ribosome moves down mRNA and first tRNa is released, ribosome reads next codon and complementary tRNA molecule brings an amino acid
-process continues to form a polypeptide chain
-the stop codon tells ribosome when to stop translating mRNA
-the polypeptide chain coils to form a protein

Question 7

what is the start codon of translation

Answer 7

AUG

Question 8

what is always the first amino acid

Answer 8

-methionine

Question 9

what is the second codon of translation

Answer 9

-UGC

Question 10

what is always the second amino aicd

Answer 10

-threonine

Question 11

how many tRNA molecules can bind to a mRNA molecule at the same time

Answer 11

-only 2

Question 12

how do peptide bonds form between the amino acids

Answer 12

-in a condensation reaction which is catalysed by peptidyl transferase

Question 13

what is peptidyl transferase

Answer 13

-an RNA component of a ribosome

Question 14

what are the subunits of ribosome composed of

Answer 14

-protein
-form of RNA called rRNA (peptidyl transferase)