water

Question 1

structure of water

Answer 1

each hydrogen shares a pair of electrons with oxygen, oxygen has larger positive charge so the electrons moved towards it, creating slight negative charge= polar

Question 2

electronegativity value

Answer 2

oxygen higher than hydrogen- tendancy of atom because its charged to attract a bonding pair of electrons

Question 3

dipole molecule

Answer 3

water is dipole- uneven charges means it has slight positive and slight negative charge, making it polar

Question 4

cohesion and surface tension

Answer 4

-water molecules attracted to water molecules beneath more than air above bc hydrogen bonds
-this contracts the surface of the water (pulls molecules inwards) so the surface can resist downwards force

Question 5

application of cohesion

Answer 5

-water travels up through xylem, water molecules pulled in one continuous motion as they’re joined by hydrogen bonds- adhesion to xylem walls and cohesion to water

Question 6

cohesion vs adhesion

Answer 6

cohesion- molecules attracted to same molecules
adhesion- molecular attraction of diff molecules

Question 7

density of water as it turns into ice

Answer 7

hydrogen bonds form a regular hexagonal, crystalline structure so take up more space as molecules spread further apart, making it less dense than water

Question 8

advantages of water density

Answer 8

-allows ice to float to form a insulating layer protecting underwater animals

Question 9

water polarity

Answer 9

positive and negative sides of a water molecule are attracted to positive and negative ions

Question 10

water polarity application

Answer 10

act as a solute for biochemical reactions

Question 11

why does water have a high specific heat capacity

Answer 11

due to hydrogen bonding, molecules are held together tightly, a lot of energy needed to increase kinetic energy of molecules and break them apart

Question 12

appication of specific heat

Answer 12

how mammals cool themselves, evap uses heat energy making you become cooler