nucleic acids and other nucleotides Flashcards
antiparallel
-2 back bones in a DNA double helix run in opposite directions
what direction do the antiparallel strands run from
5- prime to 3- prime
what is 3 prime
-the hydroxyl group of the pentose sugar
what is 5 prime
-the phosphate group
what’s a polynucleotide
-when 3 or more nucleotides are joined together with phosphodiester bonds
what is the relationship between AT and CG and AU called
-complementary base pair
why is the bonding between nucleotides called phosphodiester
-the phosphate forms an ester bond with the hydroxyl group of the 3rd carbon on adjacent nucleotide
-the phosphate also forms another ester bond to the 5th carbon of pentose
what do you call a nucleotide with one or more phosphates attached to it
-phosphorylated nucleotide
what is ATP structure
-Adenosine triphosphate
-adenosine is made from ribose (sugar) and adenine (base)
-sugar combined with 3 phosphate groups on 5th carbon
properties of the phosphate
-always the same
-acid and negatively charged
-looses H in ester bond with pentose sugar
-forms ester bonds with 3rd and 5th carbon
properties of pentose sugar
-can be deoxyribose or ribose
-5 carbon atoms
-looses 2 OH groups in reactions
difference between deoxyribose and ribose molecular structure
-deoxyribose has H on 2nd carbon wheras ribose has OH
difference between deoxyribose than ribose
-deoxyribose is more stable than ribose
what elements do all nucleotide contain
-C, H, O, N, P
types of bases
-purine
-pyrimidine
difference between purine and pyrimidine
-purine has a double carbon ring structure
-pyrimidines have a single carbon ring structure and are smaller
they always pair together
what bases are purine
-adenine
-guanine
what bases are pyrimidine
-thymine
-cytosine
-uracil
DNA
-double stranded
-deoxyribose as sugar
-base ATCG
-sugar phosphate backbone
-can last for a long time
-read by polymerase
-stores genetic info
-is read 3 prime to 5 prime
RNA
-single stranded
-ribose as sugar
-bases AUCG
-sugar phosphate backbone
-doesn’t usually last for a long time
-read by ribosomes
-stores info about protein structure
-formed in 5 prime to three prime
-modified 5 prime cap and 3 prime poly- A tail
whats a nucleotide
-monomer from which nucleic acids are made
what is a nucleotide made from
-a pentose sugar
-a nitrogenous base
-a phosphate group
what are nucleotides
the monomers that make up DNA and RNA
what is the pentose sugar in a DNA nucleotide
deoxyribose
