Type 2 diabetets Flashcards

1
Q

what is type 2 diabetes?

A

when there is a relative insulin insufficiency. So, insulin is secreted but not enough to overcome the insulin resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how do we diagnose type 2 diabetes?

A
  1. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemia State (HHS)
  2. HbA1c
  3. Fasting glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what education courses are available for type 2 diabetes?

A

DESMOND and XPERT courses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 3 treatment targets of type 2 diabetes?

A
  • Lipids
  • Blood Pressure

• Blood Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when HbA1c is less than 9%, what therapy is used?

A

consider monotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when HbA1c is greater than or equal to 9%, what therapy is used?

A

consider dual therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when HbA1c is greater than or equal to 10% and blood glucose is greater than or equal to 300mg/dL what therapy is used?

A

Combined injectable therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is included in monotherapy?

A

Lifestyle management and metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is included in dual therapy?

A

Lifestyle management, metformin and an additional agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is included in triple therapy?

A

Lifestyle management, metformin and 2 additional agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is included in combination with injectable therapy?

A
  1. Basal insulin + 1 rapid acting insulin injection before largest meal
  2. Basal insulin + GLP-1 inhibitor
  3. Premixed insulin twice daily before breakfast and evening meal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

give an example of a biguanide?

A

metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

give an example of a Thiazolidinediones?

A

pioglitazone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

give an example of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor?

A

acarbose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do DPP4 inhibitors end in?

A

‘liptin’ e.g. sitagliptin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what do SGLT2 inhibitors end in?

A

“liflozin” e.g. dapagliflozin

17
Q

what do GLP1 agonists end in?

A

“tide” e.g. lixisenatide

18
Q

what do sulphonylureas end it?

A

“ide” e.g. gliclazide

19
Q

give examples of meglitinides?

A

Nateglinide, repaglinide

20
Q

what are side effects of metformin?

A

GI symptoms e.g. diarrhoea and nausea and vomiting

21
Q

what is the expected HbA1c drop for metformin?

A

1-2%

22
Q

what is the expected HbA1c drop for Thiazolidinediones?

A

0.5-1.4%

23
Q

what are side effects of Thiazolidinediones?

A
  1. weight gain
  2. oedema
  3. anaemia
  4. GI disturbances,
  5. headache,
  6. dizziness
  7. visual disturbance.
24
Q

what are side effects of sulfonylureas?

A
  1. hypoglycaemia
  2. GI disturbance
  3. weight gain
  4. rashes
  5. liver function derangement
25
Q

what is the expected HbA1c drop for sulfonylureas?

A

1-2%

26
Q

what are side effects of Meglitinides?

A

gastrointestinal, hypoglycaemia.

27
Q

what are side effects of DPP4 Inhibitors?

A
  1. GI disturbance
  2. headache
  3. nasopharyngitis
  4. rash
28
Q

what is the expected HbA1c drop for DPP4 inhibitors?

A

0.8%

29
Q

what is the expected HbA1c drop for SGLT2?

A

1-1.5%

30
Q

what are side effects of SGLT2?

A
  1. Dyslipidaemia
  2. UTI
  3. thrush
  4. raised
  5. haematocrit
  6. nausea
  7. constipation
    Others of note: euglycaemic ketoacidosis, lower limb amputation and bone fractures
31
Q

what are side effects of GLP1?

A
  1. GI disturbances (N+V, indigestion, reflux etc.)
  2. Hypoglycaemia if used
    with sulphonylureas.
32
Q

what is the expected HbA1c drop for GLP1?

A

0.5-1%