antibody and protein therapeutics Flashcards
What is meant by the term “Biologic Therapy”?
Large complex organic products (mostly proteins) synthesized by living cell
• Targeting a gene or protein to modify biologic responses
in biological therapy what interactions can be presented
Antibody-antigen interactions
• Cytokine-receptor interactions (both ends)
• Cell signalling proteins, inhibitors, or ligands
Which medications have larger complex medicines
Biological mediciations
Which medications are normally inorganic
Conventional
Are conventional molecules synthesised and purified chemically
Yes
Are biological medications encoded genetically transcribed and translated and post translationally modified by living cells
Yes
Which structures are easily identifiable and easy to manufacture
Conventional medications
What is a biologic
Product of which active ingredient of which is made in a living system
What is an bio similar
Biological product approved based on showing its highly similar to an already approved biological product .
When can a bio similar be approved
If it has same mechanism of action route of administration dosage form and strength as reference product
Indications and conditions if use that above been previously approved for the reference point
What structures of biology’s remain the same
Functional groups
What structures of biological change
Tertiary structure
Protein based therapeutics advantages
Highly specific complex functions
Developing human protein reduces complications
Allows modification to improve function and pharmacological properties
Less potential for interference and off target effects
Normally well tolerated and low immunogenicity as they’re natural products
Whatare group 1 protein therapeutics
Therapeutics with enzymatic or regulatory activity
What are group 2 protein therapeutics
Therapeutics with special targeting activity
What are group 3 protein therapeutic
Protein vaccines
What are group 4 protein therapeutics
Protein diagnostic agents
What are the different type within group 1 protein therapeutics
1a replacing a protein which is deficient or abnormal
1b augmenting an existing path
1c providing novel function or activity
Within group 2 what different things are there
Interfering with molecule or organism
Delivering other compounds or proteins
Within group 3 what are there
Protecting against a deleterious foreign agent
Treating an autoimmune disease
Treating cancer
Name a group 1a modification
Insulin
Name a group 1b change
Alteplase
Reteplase
Name a group 1c change
Botox
Name a group 2a modification
Abatacrept
Anakinra
Name a group 2b modification
Denileukin diftitox
Name a group 3 protein vaccine
Hep B
HPV
Name a group 4 protein diagnostic
Glucagon
How are nonrecombinat proteins purified
Pancreatic enzymes from pig pancreas
Alpha 1 protease inhibitor from pooled human plasma
Recombinant protein systems
What is an antibody
Protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralise foreign objects liek bacteria and viruses
What are monoclonal antibodies s
Antibodies identical because they were produced by one type of immune cell, all clones of a single parent cell
What are isotopes
According to differences in their heavy chain constant domains, immunoglobulins are grouped into 5 classes.
What are murine sources mAbs
Rodent mAbs with excellent affinities and specificity generated using conventional hybridoma technology
Efficacy compromised by human anti murine antibody response- allergic hyper sensitivities
Chimeric mABs
Combine human constant regions with intact rodent variable regions. Affinity and specificity unchanged
Also cause human anti chimeric antibody response
Humanised mAbs
Contain CDRs of rodent variable region grafted into human variable region framework
Name the biological modification used to treat RA with anti tnf therapy
Entanercept
Infliximab
B cell depleting agents biological therapy in RA
Rituximab
biological therapy for RA: T-cell co stimulation inhibitors
Abatacept
Biological therapy for RA: Inhibitors of IL-6 signalling
Tocilizumab (anti Il-6 receptor antibody)
biological therapy for RA: IL-1 Inhibitors
Anakinra
why would you target TNFa
High concentration of TNFα in
synovial joints of rheumatoid
arthritis patients
TNFα interacts with p55 and p75
TNFα receptor on target cell of
synovial tissue.
Signalling Ca2+ release in cells,
triggers cell apoptosis.
