CNS structure and functions Flashcards

1
Q

what percentage of the body’s oxygen des the brain use

A

25%

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2
Q

what percentage of the body’s glucose does the brain use

A

50%

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3
Q

what is the CSF

A

a shock absorbing medium used to exchange nutrients and waste

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4
Q

where is the CSF formed

A

in the choroid plexus

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5
Q

which cells in the choroid plexus secrete CSF

A

non-cilated ependymal cells

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6
Q

what is hydrocephalus

A

a build up of CSF in the brain causing pressure

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7
Q

what is communicating hydrocephalus

A

failure to absorb CSF

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8
Q

what is non-communicating hydrocephalus

A

failure to circulate CSF to subarachnoid space

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9
Q

what do astrocyte foot processes do

A

secrete paracrines that promote tight junction formation

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10
Q

4 lobes of the telencephalon cerebral cortex

A

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occiptal lobe
temporal lobe

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11
Q

whats the frontal lobe used for

A
reasoning 
planning 
speech movement 
emotions 
problem-solving ( found in the front of central sulcus)
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12
Q

what is the parietal lobe used for

A
touch 
pressure 
temperature 
pain 
( found behind central sulcus)
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13
Q

what is the occipital lobe used for

A

vision (found behind temporal and parietal lobes)

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14
Q

what is the temporal lobe used for

A

perceiving and recognising auditory stimuli (sound) and memory (found between the lateral fissure)

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15
Q

the three specialisations of telencephalon

A
  1. senosry areas- for sensory input
  2. motor areas- for skeletal muscle moveent
    3 association areas- for voluntary moveemnt and info b/w sensory and motor
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16
Q

what is the blood brain barrier formed by

A

capillary endothelial cells joined by tight junctions

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17
Q

what does the BBB prevent entry of

A

neurotoxins and drugs into the brain by active transport mediated by p-glycoproteins

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18
Q

what do endothelial cells allow diffusion of

A

small hydrophobic molecules e.g. CO2, O2, hormones

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19
Q

where is the primary somatosensory cortex located

A

in post central gyrus

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20
Q

what is the somatosensory hormunuculus

A

caricature of corticol tissue devoted to each senosry function

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21
Q

where is the primary motor cortex located

A

in precentral gyrus

22
Q

what does the primary motor cortex do

A

controls voluntary movement

23
Q

what is the motor homunculus

A

caricature of corticol tissue devoted to each motor function

24
Q

what is the limbic system used for

A

motivation learning memory

25
what are the parts of the limbic system
cingulated gyrus hippocampus amygdala
26
what does the cingulated gyrus do
coordinates sensory inputs with emotions, emotional responses to pain
27
what does the hippocampus do
sends memories out to right part of cerbral hemisphere for long-term storage and retrieve them when necessary
28
what does amygdala do
involved in emotional responses and linking emotions with memory
29
what does basal nuclei do
controls fine movements, reward and motivation helps with posture controls behaviour habits
30
what does the diencephalon- thalamus do
co-ordinates the activities of the cerabral cortex and basal nuclei
31
what does the diencephalon-hypothalamus do
receives signals ans sends them to sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system sends neural and hormonal outputs to pituitary
32
what does the midbrain control
visual system auditory system eye movement
33
what do red nucleus and susbtantia nigra do
control body movement
34
what does the degeneration of neurons in the substantial nigra cause
parkinsons disease
35
what 2 things is the midbrain comprised of
tectum | tegmentum
36
what does the tectum do
responsible for the auditory/ visual reflexes
37
2 parts of the tectum
1. superior colliculi- top part controlling visual reflex | 2. inferior colliculi- bottom part controlling auditor reflex
38
what are the 5 parts of the tegmentum
1. periaqueductal gray 2. substantia nigra and amp; red nucleus 3. ventral tegmental area 4. raphe nuclei 5. locus coeruleus
39
what does the periaqueductal gray do
deals with pain and fear
40
what does the ventral tegmental area do
deals with reward and addiction
41
what does the raphe nuclei do
deals with mood and depression
42
what does the locus coeruleus do
deals with anxiety
43
what are the three types of hindbrain cerebellum
1. vestibulocerebellum 2. spinocerebellum 3. cerebrocerebellum
44
what is the vestibulocerebellum used for
balance and eye movement
45
what is the spinocerebellum used for
muscle tone and controls voluntary movement
46
what is the cerebrocerebullum used for
planning and initiating voluntary activity
47
what is the hindbrain pons and medulla used for
relaying information between the brain and spinal cord
48
what is the pons used for
acts as a motor/sensory relay centre supports respiration maintains our sleep-wake cycle
49
what is the medulla used for
useful in cardiac and respirator rhythm | reticular formation begins in the medulla oblongata
50
what does the hindbrain reticular activating system do
controls the degree of corticol alertness/ level of consciiousness