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CVPR: Renal (Exam 4) > Tumors of the Kidney & Urinary Tract > Flashcards

Tumors of the Kidney & Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

How does a clear cell carcinoma appear grossly?

A

a single, spherical, yellow-gray mass with focal hemorrhages

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1
Q

Most common cytogenetic abnormalities in papillary carcinoma are ______.

A
  • trisomies 7, 16, and 17
  • loss of Y
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2
Q

What is the most rare benign tumor of the kidney?

A

metanephric adenoma

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3
Q

The VHL gene encodes a protein that is part of a _______ complex involved in targeting other proteins for degradation.

A

ubiquitin ligase

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3
Q

What is the prognosis for Collecting Duct (Bellini duct) Carcinoma?

A

poor

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4
Q

This benign tumor of the kidney consists of vessels, smooth muscles, and fat.

A

angiomyolipoma

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5
Q

What does RCC stand for?

A

renal cell carcinoma

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6
Q

What is the prognosis for Chromophobe Renal Carcinoma?

A

excellent

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7
Q

Current studies implicate the _____ gene in the development of both familial and sporadic clear cell tumors.

A

VHL (Von Hippel-Lindau)

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7
Q

Where does chromophobe renal carcinoma grow from?

A

intercalated cells of collecting ducts

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7
Q

What does TCC stand for?

A

transitional cell neoplasm

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8
Q

What tumors comprise Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome?

A
  • hemangioblastomas of the cerebellum
  • retina renal cysts
  • bilateral RCCs
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9
Q

How is RCC further categorized?

A
  • clear cells, granular cells, or a mixture
  • Fuhrman’s Criteria = 1-4, with higher # being worse
  • Spindle cell types or sarcomas spread most quickly
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9
Q

The average 5-year survival rate of patients with renal cell carcinoma is about ____%.

A

45

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11
Q

A tumor of the kidney consisting of EOs and epi cells with numerous mitochondria is called?

A

an oncocytoma

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12
Q

Where does RCC arise from?

A

the renal epithelium

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13
Q

What is the most common tumor of the urinary tract?

A

transitional cell neoplasms (TCC)

14
Q

Where does renal fibroma/hamartoma occur?

A

in the pyramids

15
Q

Clear CC more often occurs in males or females?

A

males

16
Q

Where does Collecting Duct (Bellini duct) Carcinoma arise from?

A

from collecting duct cells in the medulla

17
Q

Who gets transitional cell neoplasms of the urinary tract?

A
  • 50 -80 year olds
  • Males
  • pts from urban areas
  • smokers
  • pts exposed to acrylamide (2-snaphthylamine)
  • Hx of Schistosoma haematobium infections in Egypt and Sudan
  • Pts exposed to radiation
18
Q

What do oncocytomas consist of?

A
  • EOs
  • epi cells with numerous mitochondria
19
Q

What makes up an angiomyolipoma?

A
  • vessels
  • smooth muscles
  • fat
20
Q

Where does renal papillary adenoma occur?

A

in the cortex

21
Q

Unlike clear cell RCCs, ______ are frequently multifocal.

A

papillary carcinomas

23
Q

What is the most common malignant tumor of the kidney?

A

renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

23
Q

About 95% of urinary tract tumors are of ______ origin, the remainder being ______ tumors.

A

epithelial; mesenchymal

24
Q

Most common cytogenetic abnormalities in ______ are trisomies 7, 16, and 17 and loss of Y.

A

papillary carcinoma

25
Q

______ tend to grow and spread more quickly than the other kinds of RCCs and thereby have a poor prognosis.

A

Spindle cell types or sarcomas

27
Q

Where is the VHL (Von Hippel-Lindau) gene located?

A

short arm of chromosome 3

28
Q

What is the median survival time for a pt with metastatic kidney cancer?

A

13 months

29
Q

Are most cases of RCC sporadic or genetic?

A

sporadic

31
Q

What is the 2nd most common malignant tumor of the kidney, and who gets it?

A

Wilms tumor; children

33
Q

What does renal papillary adenoma look like?

A

small, well circumscribed nodules within the cortex

34
Q

What is the tx for RCC?

A

nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy

35
Q

How does clear CC look on imaging?

A
  • a ball-like mass of renal cortex
  • usually a single tumor
36
Q

Dx?

  • Cells with prominent cell membranes and pale eosinophilic cytoplasm
  • usually with a halo around the nucleus
A

Chromophobe Renal Carcinoma

37
Q

Where does transitional cell neoplasm (TCC) metastasize to?

A
  • lungs
  • bones
  • liver
38
Q

How does a pt with transitional cell neoplasm (TCC) clinically present?

A
  • hematuria
  • irritative bladder symptoms such as dysuria, urinary frequency, and urgency
40
Q

Where does clear cell carcinoma most often metastasize?

A
  • renal vein
  • IVC
  • heart
  • lungs
41
Q

Which benign tumor is always surgically removed bc it’s considered “early cancer?”

A

renal papillary adenoma

42
Q

Describe the histological appearance of Chromophobe Renal Carcinoma.

A
  • Cells with prominent cell membranes and pale eosinophilic cytoplasm
  • usually with a halo around the nucleus

CVPR: Renal (Exam 4) (29 decks)

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