Overview of Renal Physiology Flashcards
What are the three processes performed in sequence by the nephron?
- glomerular filtration
- tubular reabsorption
- excretion
What does GFR stand for?
glomerular filtration rate
Most (i.e. >99.9%) of the water filtered at the ______ is reabsorbed in the tubule.
glomerulus
The tubule’s blood supply is remarkable, since it consists of two capillary beds in ______; these are known as the glomerular and peritubular capillaries, respectively.
series
What is excretion?
excess regulated substances that are passed through the tubule to be eliminated
This is the process of eliminating excess regulated substances by passing them through the tubule.
excretion
What is the structural unit of the kidney?
the nephron
This is selective recapture of filtered components within the tubule.
tubular reabsorption
The kidneys receive ____% of the cardiac output.
25
What is the filtration fraction?
the amount of the plasma flow that is filtered at the glomerulus into the start of the tubule
The bodily fluids may be divided into the ______ and ______.
cellular compartment; the extracellular fluid
Interstitial fluid accounts for ____ out of the total body fluid volume.
12L
The level of renin is rate-limiting for the production of _______.
angiotensin II
What is the volume of the intracellular fluid?
27L
This hormone causes arteriolar smooth muscle constriction to increase BP.
angiotensin II
_______ is an epithelial transport process that involves the movement of substances from the blood or blood side of the tubule into the tubular lumen.
Secretion
What does RBF stand for?
renal blood flow
The kidneys play a hormonal role in the regulation of blood pressure by regulating the circulating levels of the potent vasopressor, _______.
angiotensin
The level of ______ is rate-limiting for the production of angiotensin II.
renin
Describe tubular reabsorption.
selective recapture of filtered components within the tubule
Describe glomerular filtration.
initial filtering of the plasma by the nephron- keeps the larger colloids and blood cells but passes water and solutes
What does angiotensin I do?
it is cleaved into angiotensin II in the lungs
Blood cells account for ____ out of the total body fluid volume.
3L
Plasma volume accounts for ____ out of the total body fluid volume.
3L
This is the initial filtering of the plasma by the nephron- keeps the larger colloids and blood cells but passes water and solutes.
glomerular filtration
Noncirculating cell volume accounts for ____ out of the total body fluid volume.
24L
The main physiological function of the kidneys is?
the maintenance of the composition and volume of the extracellular fluid
For most regulated substances, ingestion is in excess of incidental losses; thus ECF constancy is achieved by regulating ______.
urinary output
How much of the plasma flow is normally filtered at the glomerulus into the start of the tubule? What is this fraction called?
20%; the filtration fraction
What does RPF stand for?
renal plasma flow
What is the volume of the extracellular fluid?
15L
Most (i.e. >99.9%) of the water filtered at the glomerulus is reabsorbed in the ______.
tubule
The kidneys play a hormonal role in the regulation of blood pressure by regulating the circulating levels of the potent ______, angiotensin.
vasopressor
The nephron consists of blood supply and an epithelial tube, known as _____.
the tubule
The tubule’s blood supply is remarkable, since it consists of two capillary beds in series; these are known as the ______ and _______ capillaries, respectively.
glomerular; peritubular
What does renin do?
it cleaves angiotensinogen into angiotensin I
This cleaves angiotensinogen into angiotensin I.
renin
What does angiotensin II do?
it causes arteriolar smooth muscle constriction to increase BP
This is cleaved into angiotensin II when it reaches the lungs.
angiotensin I
