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CVPR: Renal (Exam 4) > Overview of Renal Physiology > Flashcards

Overview of Renal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three processes performed in sequence by the nephron?

A
  1. glomerular filtration
  2. tubular reabsorption
  3. excretion
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2
Q

What does GFR stand for?

A

glomerular filtration rate

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2
Q

Most (i.e. >99.9%) of the water filtered at the ______ is reabsorbed in the tubule.

A

glomerulus

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3
Q

The tubule’s blood supply is remarkable, since it consists of two capillary beds in ______; these are known as the glomerular and peritubular capillaries, respectively.

A

series

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3
Q

What is excretion?

A

excess regulated substances that are passed through the tubule to be eliminated

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4
Q

This is the process of eliminating excess regulated substances by passing them through the tubule.

A

excretion

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5
Q

What is the structural unit of the kidney?

A

the nephron

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5
Q

This is selective recapture of filtered components within the tubule.

A

tubular reabsorption

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5
Q

The kidneys receive ____% of the cardiac output.

A

25

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6
Q

What is the filtration fraction?

A

the amount of the plasma flow that is filtered at the glomerulus into the start of the tubule

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7
Q

The bodily fluids may be divided into the ______ and ______.

A

cellular compartment; the extracellular fluid

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8
Q

Interstitial fluid accounts for ____ out of the total body fluid volume.

A

12L

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9
Q

The level of renin is rate-limiting for the production of _______.

A

angiotensin II

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11
Q

What is the volume of the intracellular fluid?

A

27L

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12
Q

This hormone causes arteriolar smooth muscle constriction to increase BP.

A

angiotensin II

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13
Q

_______ is an epithelial transport process that involves the movement of substances from the blood or blood side of the tubule into the tubular lumen.

A

Secretion

14
Q

What does RBF stand for?

A

renal blood flow

14
Q

The kidneys play a hormonal role in the regulation of blood pressure by regulating the circulating levels of the potent vasopressor, _______.

A

angiotensin

15
Q

The level of ______ is rate-limiting for the production of angiotensin II.

A

renin

16
Q

Describe tubular reabsorption.

A

selective recapture of filtered components within the tubule

17
Q

Describe glomerular filtration.

A

initial filtering of the plasma by the nephron- keeps the larger colloids and blood cells but passes water and solutes

18
Q

What does angiotensin I do?

A

it is cleaved into angiotensin II in the lungs

20
Q

Blood cells account for ____ out of the total body fluid volume.

A

3L

22
Q

Plasma volume accounts for ____ out of the total body fluid volume.

A

3L

24
Q

This is the initial filtering of the plasma by the nephron- keeps the larger colloids and blood cells but passes water and solutes.

A

glomerular filtration

26
Q

Noncirculating cell volume accounts for ____ out of the total body fluid volume.

A

24L

27
Q

The main physiological function of the kidneys is?

A

the maintenance of the composition and volume of the extracellular fluid

28
Q

For most regulated substances, ingestion is in excess of incidental losses; thus ECF constancy is achieved by regulating ______.

A

urinary output

29
Q

How much of the plasma flow is normally filtered at the glomerulus into the start of the tubule? What is this fraction called?

A

20%; the filtration fraction

30
Q

What does RPF stand for?

A

renal plasma flow

31
Q

What is the volume of the extracellular fluid?

A

15L

32
Q

Most (i.e. >99.9%) of the water filtered at the glomerulus is reabsorbed in the ______.

A

tubule

33
Q

The kidneys play a hormonal role in the regulation of blood pressure by regulating the circulating levels of the potent ______, angiotensin.

A

vasopressor

34
Q

The nephron consists of blood supply and an epithelial tube, known as _____.

A

the tubule

34
Q

The tubule’s blood supply is remarkable, since it consists of two capillary beds in series; these are known as the ______ and _______ capillaries, respectively.

A

glomerular; peritubular

34
Q

What does renin do?

A

it cleaves angiotensinogen into angiotensin I

36
Q

This cleaves angiotensinogen into angiotensin I.

A

renin

38
Q

What does angiotensin II do?

A

it causes arteriolar smooth muscle constriction to increase BP

39
Q

This is cleaved into angiotensin II when it reaches the lungs.

A

angiotensin I

CVPR: Renal (Exam 4) (29 decks)

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