Intro to Acute Renal Failure and Clearance Flashcards
FENa is_____ when AKI is caused by prerenal azotemia.
less than 1%
What will the UA findings be in Glomerulonephritis?
- Variable tonicity
- heme pigment
- ***sediment exam reveals RBC and RBC casts***
Normal plasma K+?
4.5 ± 0.6 mEq/L
The most commom intrarenal injury is acute tubular necrosis (ATN) caused by either _____ or _____.
- ischemia
- nephrotoxins (drugs)
Normal plasma BUN?
12 ± 4 mg/dL
Normal anion gap?
9 ± 2 mEq/L
What does ATN stand for?
acute tubular necrosis
Normal plasma Cl-?
104 ± 3 mEq/L
Normal plasma fasting glucose?
90 ± 30 mg/dL
Normal plasma Cr?
1.0 ± 0.3 mg/dL
Name 2 examples of vascular diseases that cause intrinsic renal disease.
- cholesterol emboli
- renal vein thrombosis
Name 2 examples of glomerular diseases that cause intrinsic renal disease.
- acute glomerulonephritis
- hemolytic uremic syndrome
AKI results in reduced clearance of nitrogenous waste products to produce a state called ______.
azotemia
Prompt restoration of intravascular volume restores RBF and GFR and prevents ____ in AKI.
structural ischemic renal injury
Interpret these UA findings:
- Isotonic urine
- +/- heme pigment
- white blood cell casts
- ***eosinophils (with allergic interstitial nephritis)
AIN
Intravascular volume depletion is suggested by what PE findings?
- decrease in weight
- flat neck veins (NO JVD)
- postural changes in blood pressure and/or pulse
- edema
- pulmonary rales
- S3 gallop
What are the 2 general categories of pre-renal azotemia causes?
- decreased ECF volume
- increased ECF volume
Normal blood gas pH?
7.42 ± 0.02
Name 2 serious complications of ATN and why they occur.
- Infections (due to decreased leukocyte function)
- GI hemorrhage (due to increased acid secretion ie stress, ulcers)
Normal plasma cholesterol?
140-200 mg/dL
Normal plasma Osmolality?
285 ± 3 mosm/kg H2O
What will the urinary Na concentration be in post-renal azotemia?
high (greater than 40)
______ casts are composed primarily of a mucoprotein, Tamm-Horsfall protein, secreted by tubule cells.
Hyaline
Hyaline casts are composed primarily of a ______ called Tamm-Horsfall protein, which is secreted by tubule cells.
mucoprotein
Interpret these UA findings:
- Tonicity usually isotonic or hypotonic
- usually heme is negative unless superimposed infection
- Micro may be totally benign or show evidence of superimposed infection (e.g. RBCs & WBCs)
an obstructive pathology
______ is the most common cause of an abrupt fall in GFR in a hospitalized patient.
Prerenal azotemia