SG Acute Renal Failure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal length of an adult kidney?

A

9-12 cm

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2
Q

If the FENa is

A

pre-renal

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3
Q

How do NSAIDs contribute to ARF?

A

cause afferent vasoconstriction and decreased renal perfusion, while also preventing production of prostacyclins

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4
Q

What is azotemia?

A

a rise in BUN and Cr without damage to the kidney

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4
Q

How do NSAIDs contribute to ARF?

A

they cause the efferent arteriole to vasodilate

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6
Q

If the FENa is >1%, the AKI is a _____ cause.

A

intrinsic or postrenal

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7
Q

If the FENa is ____, the AKI is a pre-renal cause.

A
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7
Q

If the FENa is ____, the AKI is an intrinsic or postrenal cause.

A

>1%

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9
Q

Name 5 causes of pre-renal AKI.

A
  1. sepsis (presents as fever, low BP)
  2. heart/liver dz
  3. hemorrhage
  4. GI losses (reduced intake, vomiting, diarrhea)
  5. medications (anything that decreases BP or volume)
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10
Q

What is the equation for creatinine clearance?

A

Cc = (Ucr x V) / Pcr

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11
Q

What is the normal specific gravity level of urine?

A

1.01

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12
Q

What does an increased specific gravity indicate?

A

dehydration

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13
Q

Protein in the urine is ALWAYS indicative of a problem at the _____.

A

glomerulus

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14
Q

Name the 3 AKI pathologies.

A
  1. pre-renal
  2. intrarenal
  3. post-renal
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15
Q

Name some causes of intrinsic AKI.

A
  • glmomerular (GN, nephrotic syndrome, MPGN, anti-GBM, Goodpasture, etc)
  • tubular (ATN)
  • interstitial (allergies, acute interstitial nephritis)
  • vascular (vasculidities)
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16
Q

How does rhabdomyolysis cause ARF?

A

prolonged exercise causes muscle breakdown –> myoglobin clogs tubules in the kidney –> intrarenal disease