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CVPR: Renal (Exam 4) > Pathology of Nephritic Syndrome > Flashcards

Pathology of Nephritic Syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

The presence of crescents correlates with ______ and carries a ______ prognosis.

A

RPGN; poor

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1
Q

What is cryoglobinemia?

A

Antibodies that precipitate in the cold and cause a small vessel vasculitis

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2
Q

Name 5 characterstics of nephritic syndrome.

A
  1. Reduction in GFR (an elevated serum creatinine) 
  2. Active urine sediment (RBC’s, WBC’s, and RBC casts)
  3. Proteinuria (usually sub-nephrotic) 
  4. Edema 
  5. Hypertension
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2
Q

The presence of ______ correlates with RPGN and carries an ominous prognosis.

A

crescents

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2
Q

What is the tx for Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis?

A

none- it’s usually self limiting

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4
Q

Positive ANA and Anti-DS DNA indicates?

A

lupus

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5
Q

What are the path findings in IgA nephropathy?

A
  • Light microscopy shows an increase in mesangial cell number and matrix
  • IF shows IgA, IgG, and C3 in a mesangial pattern
  • EM shows mesangial immune deposits.
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5
Q

This is IgA nephropathy with fever, rash, GI complaints, and renal disease.

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

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6
Q

What do the following findings indicate?

  • IgG, IgM, C3 deposition on the GBM with subepithelial humps
  • Infiltrates of PMNs and monocytes
A

Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis

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7
Q

What is another name or Bergers Syndrome?

A

IgA nephropathy

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7
Q

What is the tx for Alport Syndrome?

A

none

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8
Q

Patients with _____ have hematuria, dysmorphic red blood cells and/or red blood cell casts, and proteinuria.

A

nephritic syndrome

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8
Q

What do these findings indicate?

  • Lumpy bumpy
  • C3, IgG, IgM, IgA, and C1q
  • mesangial, subendo, and subepi deposits
A

Lupus Nephritis

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9
Q

What is Henoch-Schonlein purpura?

A

IgA nephropathy with fever, rash, GI complaints, and renal disease

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10
Q

What are the pathologic findings of Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis?

A
  • IgG, IgM, C3 deposition on the GBM with subepithelial humps
  • Infiltrates of PMNs and monocytes
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10
Q

This is a form of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in which there is a predominance of IgA immune deposits in the mesangium and rarely in subendothelial areas.

A

IgA nephropathy

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11
Q

What do the following pathological findings indicate?

  • Light microscopy shows an increase in mesangial cell number and matrix
  • IF shows IgA, IgG, and C3 in a mesangial pattern
  • EM shows mesangial immune deposits
A

IgA nephropathy

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12
Q

Low C4 with + Rheumatoid factor is indicative of?

A

cryoglobinemia

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13
Q

What are the positive lab findings for cryoglobinemia?

A
  • Low C4
  • Rheumatoid factor
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15
Q

What nephritic syndrome occurs after a group A strep infection?

A

Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis

15
Q

What are the pathology findings in Lupus Nephritis?

A
  • Lumpy bumpy
  • C3, IgG, IgM, IgA, and C1q mesangial, subendo, and subepi deposits
16
Q

This is an X-linked disorder of type IV collagen.

A

Alport Syndrome

17
Q

What are the pathologic findings of Pauci-Immune Renal Vasculitis?

A
  • No immune complex deposition
  • Fibroid necrosis and crescents
    • p-ANCA to MPO and PR-3
18
Q

What is the tx for cryoglobinemia?

A
  • Antivirals
  • rituximab
  • plasmapheresis
20
Q

What do these characteristics indicate? 

  • Reduction in GFR (an elevated serum creatinine)
  • Active urine sediment (RBC’s, WBC’s, and RBC casts)
  • Proteinuria (usually sub-nephrotic) 
  • Edema 
  • Hypertension
A

nephritic syndrome

22
Q

Why is GFR reduced in nephritic syndrome?

A

the inflammatory process within the glomerulus results in glomerular vasoconstriction and/or occlusion or thrombosis

24
Q

Lesions on light microscopy are termed _____ if they involve part of one glomerulus; _____ is the word used if only some glomeruli are involved.

A

segmental; focal

26
Q

What lab findings indicate Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis?

A
  • positive ASO
  • decreased C3
27
Q

In light microscopy, _____ are a special term when there is a proliferation of cells in Bowman’s capsule.

A

crescents

29
Q

How does Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis usually present?

A

sudden onset edema and weight gain

30
Q

Which nephritis presents concurrently with a viral infection?

A

Bergers/IgA nephropathy

32
Q

______ is the most common type of acute glomerulonephritis now seen worldwide and usually presents in males 15 to 35 years old.

A

IgA nephropathy

33
Q

What do these path findings indicate?

  • No immune complex deposition
  • Fibroid necrosis and crescents
    • p-ANCA to MPO and PR-3
A

Pauci-Immune Renal Vasculitis

34
Q

IgA nephropathy is the most common type of acute glomerulonephritis now seen worldwide and usually presents in _____.

A

males 15 to 35 years old

35
Q

Nephritic syndrome is caused by _____.

A

glomerular inflammation

36
Q

Positive ASO with decreased C3 indicates?

A

Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis

37
Q

What is another name for IgA nephropathy?

A

Bergers Syndrome

38
Q

Positive ASO indicates?

A

post-infectious/post-strep nephritis

38
Q

What is the tx for Pauci-Immune Renal Vasculitis?

A
  • Steroids + cyclophosphamide or rituximab
  • plasma exchange
39
Q

What 2 syndromes are associated with cryoglobinemia?

A
  • HCV
  • Sjögren’s syndrome
40
Q

Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis occurs after ____ infection.

A

group A strep

41
Q

What is IgA nephropathy?

A

a form of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in which there is a predominance of IgA immune deposits in the mesangium and rarely in subendothelial areas

42
Q

What is the tx for Bergers/IgA nephropathy?

A
  • ACEI/ARBs
  • Steroids +/- azathioprine
44
Q

What are these path findings associated with?

Membranoproliferative pattern with subendo immune deposits of IgM Fingerprint pattern of appearance

A

cryoglobinema

45
Q

Positive Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) indicates?

A

Pauci-immune vasculitis

46
Q

What are Sjögren’s syndrome and HCV associated with?

A

cryoglobinemia

47
Q

What is the tx for Lupus Nephritis?

A
  • High dose corticosteroids
  • mycophenolate mofetil
  • cyclophosphamide
48
Q

Positive Anti-GBM antibodies indicates?

A

Anti-GBM disease, Goodpasture’s syndrome

49
Q

What are the pathologic findings of cryoglobinemia?

A

Membranoproliferative pattern with subendo immune deposits of IgM Fingerprint pattern of appearance

CVPR: Renal (Exam 4) (29 decks)

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