Bladder & Micturition Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of the bladder wall?
- the outer peritoneum
- a layer consisting of smooth muscle and connective tissue (the detrusor muscle)
- an inner membrane
What is the flow of urine in men?
Kidney- ureter- bladder - prostate - urethra - exterior
What is the flow of urine in women?
Kidney- ureter- bladder - urethra - exterior
How are the bladder necks different in men and women?
in women: bundles slant downwards to urethra in men: bundles form complete ring around the neck
The control of micturition is complex and involves both the _____ and _____ nervous systems.
autonomic…. central
How does the PNS control the bladder?
it innervates the detrusor muscle; activation results in detrusor muscle contraction and micturition
How does the SNS control the bladder?
inhibits detrusor contraction and increases tension in the smooth muscle of the bladder neck and proximal urethra, preventing micturition until parasympathetic stimulation occurs
What is the motor/somatic innervation of the bladder?
segments S2-S4
What is innervated by motor/somatic segments S2-S4?
bladder, pelvic floor, and urethral sphincter
Sensations of bladder fullness or stretch are conveyed through _____ from the spinal cord to the pons.
long neurons
Sensations of bladder fullness or stretch are conveyed through long neurons from the spinal cord to _____.
the pons
The ventral root carries _____ signals from the spinal cord.
motor
The _____ carries motor signals from the spinal cord.
ventral root
The _____ carries sensory signals to the spinal cord.
dorsal root
The dorsal root carries _____ signals to the spinal cord.
sensory
What is the bladder storage phase?
Interrelated neural and neuromuscular responses that allow the bladder to adapt to increasing volume with little change in pressure
This is the interrelated neural and neuromuscular responses that allow the bladder to adapt to increasing volume with little change in pressure.
the bladder storage phase
Disturbances of the storage function results in?
frequency, urgency and urge incontinence (OAB)
In order to void the bladder, the ____ must override the storage activity.
micturition reflex
In order to void the bladder, the micturition reflex must override ____.
the storage activity
What nerve activity ceases, allowing the external sphincter/pelvic floor to relax, detrusor neurons to be freed, and urine discharge to begin?
Pudendal nerve
LO 1. Define the two primary functions of the urinary bladder.
urine storage
LO 2. Detail the parsympathetic and sympathetic innervation to the lower urinary tract.
PNS: innervate the detrusor muscle; activation results in detrusor muscle contraction and micturition SNS: inhibits detrusor contraction and increases tension in the smooth muscle of the bladder neck and proximal urethra, preventing micturition until parasympathetic stimulation occurs
LO 3. Describe the micturition cycle.
storage phase/filling phase- emptying phase
LO 4. Categorize the types of urinary incontinence.
stress urge overflow
LO 5. Compare/contrast the causes of incontinence in men and women.
TBD men = ? women = ?
LO 6. Discuss the common causes of lower urinary tract obstruction in men.
BPH urethral stricture CA
Storage = sympathetic Micturition = parasympathetic
just know this for the exam!
Lower urinary tract innervation for sympathetic bladder control is at what level of the spine?
T10-L2
