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CVPR: Renal (Exam 4) > Acid/Base Disorders > Flashcards

Acid/Base Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

______ is a decrease in H+ (increase in pH).

A

Alkalemia

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2
Q

The rise in pH from the increase in [HCO3-] is sensed by respiratory system chemoreceptors which leads to ______.

A

a decrease in ventilation

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3
Q

Metabolic alkalosis is an increase in _____ resulting in _______.

A

HCO3…… an increase in pH

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3
Q

What are some serious consequences of respiratory alkalosis?

A
  • decreased intracranial pressure
  • cardiac arrhythmias
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3
Q

If the urine [Cl-] is less than 20 mEq/L, metabolic alkalosis is categorized as _______.

A

chloride responsive (aka saline responsive)

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4
Q

_______ is an increase in HCO3 resulting in an increase in pH.

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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4
Q

What is the normal HCO3 value?

A

24

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4
Q

What can cause respiratory alkalosis?

A
  • pulmonary diseases
  • hypoxemia
  • voluntary
  • mechanical ventilation
  • fever
  • liver disease
  • pregnancy
  • head injuries
  • salicylate toxicity
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4
Q

______ causes a primary increase in the HCO3.

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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5
Q

If you are breathing too fast, what will happen to the PCO2?

A

it decreases

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5
Q

What is the tx for respiratory alkalosis?

A

treat the underlying cause

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6
Q

Primary respiratory acidosis is ALWAYS from ______.

A

inadequate respiration

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7
Q

_______ is an increase in H+ (decrease in pH).

A

Acidemia

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7
Q

Primary respiratory alkalosis is ALWAYS from _____.

A

breathing too much

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7
Q

______ causes a primary decrease in the HCO3.

A

Metabolic acidosis

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8
Q

Respiratory alkalosis causes ______.

A

decrease in the PCO2

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9
Q

Compensation is in which direction?

A

the same as the primary change

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10
Q

Name 2 severe complications of metabolic alkalosis.

A
  • cardiac arrhythmias
  • hypocalcemia–> tetany
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11
Q

If the urine [Cl-] is greater than 20 mEq/L, metabolic alkalosis is categorized as _____ aka _____.

A

chloride resistant (aka saline resistant)

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12
Q

______ is ALWAYS due to the inability of the kidney to excrete excess HCO3-.

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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13
Q

Metabolic acidosis is a decrease in _____ resulting in ______.

A

HCO3…. decrease in pH

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14
Q

_______ causes a primary increase in the PCO2.

A

Respiratory acidosis

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15
Q

What is a normal anion gap value?

A

9 +/- 3

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16
Q

Metabolic alkalosis is ALWAYS due to ______.

A

the inability of the kidney to excrete excess HCO3-

17
Q

Normal serum sodium is _____ mEq/L.

A

140

18
Q

Respiratory acidosis is a respiratory process that causes ______.

A

a primary increase in the PCO2

20
Q

Respiratory alkalosis is a decrease in _____ resulting in ______.

A

CO2….an increase in pH

21
Q

If the serum anion gap is increased, the metabolic acidosis is due to ______.

A

the addition of acid

23
Q

Alkalosis is _____.

A

a process that decreases plasma H+ (increases pH)

24
Q

______ causes a primary decrease in the PCO2.

A

Respiratory alkalosis

26
Q

What is the normal pH value?

A

7.40

27
Q

What is the tx for respiratory acidosis?

A
  • treat the underlying cause
  • give O2 as needed
28
Q

What is the normal PCO2 value?

A

40

29
Q

______ is a decrease in HCO3 resulting in decrease in pH.

A

Metabolic acidosis

29
Q

Metabolic acidosis is a metabolic process that causes ______.

A

a primary decrease in the HCO3

30
Q

What is the tx for metabolic acidosis?

A
  • treat the underlying problem
  • maybe give sodium bicarb
31
Q

Normal serum chloride is _____ mEq/L.

A

108

32
Q

H+-ATPase activity increases under the influence of ______.

A

aldosterone

33
Q

If the serum anion gap is normal, metabolic acidosis is due to _______.

A

a loss of bicarbonate

34
Q

What is the tx for metabolic alkalosis?

A
  • chloride responsive = NaCl infusions, hypoventilation
  • chloride resistant = spironolactone, hypoventilation
36
Q

Acidity = ___/____

A

Bicarb / CO2

37
Q

The body compensates for a metabolic acidosis by _____ and _____.

A

increasing ventilation….. causing a fall in PCO2

38
Q

Mineralocorticoids act on the H+-ATPase pump of the _______ cell in the ______.

A

intercalated cell…. distal tubule

40
Q

______ is a decrease in CO2 resulting in an increase in pH.

A

Respiratory alkalosis

40
Q

Urine chloride less than 20 mEq/L denotes a ______.

A

chloride responsive alkalosis

42
Q

______ is an increase in CO2 resulting in a decrease in pH.

A

Respiratory acidosis

44
Q

What is the system of regulation of H+?

A

the bicarb buffer system

45
Q

Name the causes of chloride responsive metabolic alkalosis (aka saline/NaCl responsive) (Urine Cl- less than 20 mEq/L).

A
  • Diuretics
  • Vomiting/gastric damage
  • Villous adenomas (some)
  • Congenital chloride losing diarrhea
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Post-Hypercapnia
46
Q

Mineralocorticoids act on the ______ of the intercalated cell in the distal tubule.

A

H+-ATPase pump

47
Q

Urine chloride less than ____ mEq/L denotes a chloride responsive alkalosis.

A

20

48
Q

How can metabolic alkalosis occur?

A
  1. addition of HCO3-
  2. loss of H+
  3. loss of chloride rich fluids
  4. post-hypercapneia
  5. hypokalemia
50
Q

What are some serious consequences of respiratory acidosis?

A
  • Increased intracranial pressure
  • cardiac arrhythmias
  • hypotension from peripheral vasodilatation
52
Q

Acidosis is ______.

A

a process that increases plasma H+ (decreases pH)

54
Q

_______ act on the H+-ATPase pump of the intercalated cell in the distal tubule.

A

Mineralocorticoids

55
Q

Name the causes of chloride resistant metabolic alkalosis (aka saline/NaCl resistant) (Urine Cl- greater than 20 mEq /L).

A
  • Excess mineralocorticoids/Cushing’s
  • Licorice ingestion
56
Q

Metabolic alkalosis is a metabolic process that causes _______.

A

a primary increase in the HCO3

57
Q

What are the lab abnormalities in respiratory alkalosis?

A
  • slightly decreased K+
  • largely decreased PO4
58
Q

______ activity increases under the influence of aldosterone.

A

H+-ATPase

59
Q

Respiratory acidosis is an increase in _____ resulting in ______.

A

CO2…..a decrease in pH

CVPR: Renal (Exam 4) (29 decks)

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